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ORGANIC SYNTHESES
AN ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF SATISFACTORY METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION
OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS
_EDITORIAL BOARD_
JAMES BRYANT CONANT, _Editor-in-Chief_ HANS THACHER CLARKE ROGER
ADAMS OLIVER KAMM
_CONTRIBUTORS_ G. H. COLEMAN J, C. HESSLER E. P. KOHLER C. S. MARVEL
W. A. NOYES G. R. ROBERTSON E. B. VLIET F. C. WHITMORE
VOL. II.
Caveat: Some numbers did not OCR correctly and may not have been
corrected during the proofing! Check the 1941 print edition
before trying these!
INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES
THE publication of this series of pamphlets has been undertaken
to make available in a permanent form complete detailed directions
for the preparation of various organic chemical reagents.
In announcing this purpose it may be well to mention at the outset
some of the difficulties in the way of the research chemist, which it
is hoped this series will be able to overcome. The cost of chemicals
is prohibitive to the majority of chemists; this was true before
the war when Kahlbaum's complete supply was available, and to-day
with our dependence on domestic stocks, this cost has increased.
The delay in obtaining chemicals, especially from abroad,
even if the expense need not be considered, is an important factor.
These difficulties have therefore thrown the research chemist on his
own resources. The preparation of materials for research, always time
consuming and annoying, is made increasingly so by the inexactness
of the published information which so often omits essential details.
Because of this, much needless experimentation is necessary
in order to obtain the results given in the published reports.
As the additional information thus acquired is seldom published,
duplication of such experiments occurs again and again,--
a waste of time and material. It is hoped these difficulties
may be remedied by the publication of this series of pamphlets.
In other words, the authors hope to make this a clearing house
for the exchange of information as to methods of preparation of some
of the most needed organic chemical reagents.
On account of the impossibility of obtaining the less common
organic chemicals in the United States during the past few years,
university laboratories have had no option but to prepare their
own supplies. At the University of Illinois, for instance,
a special study has been made of this field, and methods for
the production of various substances have been investigated.
As a result, reliable methods and directions have been developed
for producing the materials in one-half to five pound lots.
Such work as Illinois has done is now being given an even more extensive
scope at the Research Laboratory of the Eastman Kodak Company. It is
felt that the results from these various laboratories should be
available to all chemists and it is hoped that they eventually
will be completely incorporated in these pamphlets.
The organic chemicals herein discussed have been quite
arbitrarily chosen, being those which have been needed in various
research laboratories in the last years and for which the directions
happen now to be ready for publication. The methods are in only
a few cases new ones; they are in general the most satisfactory
to be found in the literature. Only such details have been added
as will enable a man with a reasonable amount of experience
in organic chemistry to duplicate the results without difficulty.
To be absolutely sure that each set of directions can be repeated,
every experiment has been carried out in at least two laboratories.
Only after exact duplication of the results in both laboratories
are the directions considered ready for publication.
The names of the chemists who have studied the various experiments
are given so that further information concerning any obscure point
can be obtained if any question arises in using these directions.
And finally, in describing the experiments, special attention has
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