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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 360

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 25, 1882

Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIV, No. 360.

Scientific American established 1845

Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year.

Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

I. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--Soaking Pits for Steel Ingots. --On the successful rolling of steel ingots with their own initial heat by means of the soaking pit process. By JOHN GJERS. 6 figures.--Gjers' soaking pits for steel ingots.

Tempering by compression.--L. Clemandot's process.

Economical Steam Power. By WILLIAM BARNET LE VAN.

Mississippi River Improvements near St. Louis, Mo.

Bunte's Burette for the Analysis of Furnace Gases. 2 figures.

The "Universal" Gas Engine. 8 figures.--Improved gas engine.

Gas Furnace for Baking Refractory Products. 1 figure.

The Efficiency of Fans. 5 figures.

Machine for Compressing Coal Refuse into Fuel. 1 figure.-- Bilan's machine.

Hank Sizing and Wringing Machine. 1 figure.

Improved Coke Breaker. 2 figures.

Improvements in Printing Machinery. 2 figures.

II. TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY.--Apparatus for Obtaining Pure Water for Photographic Use. 3 figures.

Black Phosphorus.--By P THENARD.

Composition of Steep Water

Schreiber's Apparatus for Revivifying Bone Black. 5 figures.-- Plant: elevation and plan.--Views of elevation.--Continuous furnace.

Soap and its Manufacture from a Consumer's Point of View. (Continued from SUPPLEMENT, No. 330).

Cotton seed Oil.--By S. S. BRADFORD.

On some Apparatus that Permit of Entering Flames.--Chevalier Aldini's wire gauze and asbestos protectors.--Brewster's account of test experiments.

III. ELECTRICITY, LIGHT. ETC.--On a New Arc Electric Lamp. By W. H. PREECE. 6 figures--The Abdank system.--The lamp.-- The Electro-magnet.--The Cut-off.--The electrical arrangement.

Utilization of Solar Heat.

IV. NATURAL HISTORY.--The Ocellated Pheasant. 1 figure.

The Maidenhair Tree in the Gardens at Broadlands, Hants, England. 1 figure.

The Woods of America.--The Jessup collection in the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, and the characteristics of the specimens.

V. AGRICULTURE, ETC.--An Industrial Revolution.--Increase in the number of farms.

A Farmer's Lime Kiln. 3 figures.

The Manufacture of Apple Jelly.

Improved Grape Bags. 4 figures.

VI. ARCHITECTURE, ETC.--The Building Stone Supply.--Granite and its sources.--Sandstone.--Blue and gray limestone.--Marble.-- Slate.--Other stones.--A valuable summary of the sources and uses of quarry products.

VII. ASTRONOMY. ETC.--How to Establish a True Meridian. By Prof. L. M. HAUPT.--Introduction.--Definitions.--To find the azemuth of Polaris.--Applications, etc.

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS.--A Characteristic Mining "Rush."--The Prospective Mining Center of Southern New Mexico.

The Food and Energy of Man. By Prof. DE CHAUMONT.--Original food of man.--Function of food.--Classes of alimentary substances.--Quantity of food.--Importance of varied diet.

Rattlesnake Poison.--Its Antidotes. By H. H. CROFT.

The Chinese Sign Manual.--The ethnic bearing of skin furrows on the hand.

Lucidity.--Matthew Arnold's remarks at the reopening of the Liverpool University College and School of Medicine.

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SOAKING PITS FOR STEEL INGOTS.

ON THE SUCCESSFUL ROLLING OF STEEL INGOTS WITH THEIR OWN INITIAL HEAT BY MEANS OF THE SOAKING PIT PROCESS.

By Mr. JOHN GJERS, Middlesbrough.