1179 - Definition and Overview

Events

• Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first "ghettos" for Jews
• Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III, bringing Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy
• Philip II is crowned King of France
• Aberdeen is chartered by William the Lion
• Westminster School founded on the grounds of Westminster Abbey

Births

• Shimazu Tadahisa, the first of Shimazu clan and Japanese warlord
• Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer
• Hermann of Salza, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

Deaths

• September 17 - Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, author, and composer of music.