The year 1799 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

See also: 1798 in science, other events of 1799, 1800 in science and the list of years in science.

Awards

• Copley Medal: John Hellins

Births

• May 21 - Mary Anning, paleontologist (died 1847)
• June 18 - Prosper Meniere, French physician (died 1862)
• September 8 - James Bowman Lindsay, Scottish inventor (died 1862)
• December 30 - David Douglas, Scottish botanist (died 1834)

Deaths

• January 17 - Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (born 1718)
• February 19 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician and physicist (born 1733)
• August 2 - Jacques Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor (born 1745)
• October 6 - William Withering, British physician, discoverer of digitalis (born 1741)
• December 6 - Joseph Black, Scottish chemist and physicist (born 1728)