Events
- January 3, Britain seizes control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
- June 6, US President Andrew Jackson becomes the first President to ride a train.
- May 11, French-American farmhand Antoine le Blanc murders family of three.
- September 29, the infant Isabella II becomes Queen of Spain, under the regency of her mother, Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Her uncle Don Carlos, Conde de Molina challenges her claim, beginning the First Carlist War.
- December 14, assassination of Kaspar Hauser, dies three days later in December 17
- Charles Babbage described his analytical engine. (see also history of computing hardware)
- The dawn of biochemistry: discovery of the first enzyme, diastase, by Anselme Payen
- The British Parliament passes the Slavery Abolition Act giving all slaves in the British Empire their freedom.
Births
- February 11, Melville Weston Fuller 8th chief justice of the United States
- February 28, Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (+ 1913)
- May 7, Johannes Brahms, composer (+ 1897)
- July 27, Thomas George Bonney (+ 1923), Alps geologist
- October 21, Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite, creator of the Nobel Prize
- November 6, Jonas Lie, Norwegian author
- November 9, Émile Gaboriau, writer (+ 1873)
- November 12, Alexander Borodin, composer
- December 20, Dr. Samuel Mudd, doctor to John Wilkes Booth
Deaths
- April 22, Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b. 1771)
- May 11, Sayers family, respected Morristown, New Jersey farmers
- July 2, Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentine leader
- September 6, Antoine le Blanc, French American murderer executed
- September 27, Roy, Ram Mohan, Hindu reformist (b. 1772)
- September 29, King Ferdinand VII of Spain
- December 17, Kaspar Hauser, German foundling
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