The year 1854 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

Awards

• Copley Medal: Johannes Peter Müller
• Wollaston Medal for Geology:

Births

• March 15 - Emil Adolf von Behring (d. 1917), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.
• June 13 - Charles Algernon Parsons (d. 1931), British inventor of the steam turbine.
• July 12 - George Eastman (d. 1932), photography pioneer.

Deaths

• July 6 - Georg Ohm (b. 1787), physicist