1876 - Definition and Overview

1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday.

Events

January

• January 31 United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.

February

• February 2 - The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.
• February 14 - Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone.
• February 22 - Johns Hopkins University founded in Baltimore, Maryland.

March

• March 7 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone (patent # 174,464).
• March 10 - Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call by saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."

April

• April 17 - Six Fenian prisoners escape from a penal colony in Fremantle, Australia with the aid of ship Catalpa.

May

• May 1 - Turks crush uprising of Bulgar Slavs
• May 11-12 - Berlin Memorandum - Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary propose armistice between Turkey and its insurgents
• May 16 - British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli rejects Berlin Memorandum
• May 30 - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murat V.

June

• June 4 - An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.
• June 17 - Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud - 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.
• June 25 - Indian Wars: Battle of the Little Bighorn. Lieutenant colonel George Armstrong Custer of the US 7th Cavalry Regiment leads a unit of 300 men in battle against the allied forces of Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho, counting 5000 men under the leadership of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. The latter emerge victorious.

July

• July 1 - Serbia declares war on Turkey
• July 2 - Montenegro declares war on Turkey
• July 4 - United States Centennial See: Centennial exposition described and illustrated (http://fax.libs.uga.edu/T825xB1xI5/), being a concise and graphic description of this grand enterprise commemorative of the first centennary of American independence. Publisher: Philadelphia, Hubbard bros, 1876.
• July 8 - Reichstadt Agreement between Russia and Austria-Hungary on partitioning the Balkan peninsula.

August

• August 1 - Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.
• August 8 - Thomas Edison receives a patent for his mimeograph.
• August 31 - Murat V, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid II.

September

• September 5 - Gladstone publishes Bulgarian Horrors pamphlet
• September 7 - In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are surrounded by an angry mob and are nearly wiped out.

November

• November 7 - U.S. presidential election is held. After long and heated disputes, Rutherford Birchard Hayes would be declared the winner over Samuel Jones Tilden.
• November 23 - Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain.
• November 25 - Indian Wars: In retaliation for the dramatic American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops under General Ranald Mackenzie sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River (the soldiers destroyed all of the villager's winter food and clothing and then slashed their ponies' throats).
• November 29 - Porfirio Díaz becomes President of Mexico.

December

• December 5 - Fire in theater in Brooklyn, New York City, kills more than 300
• December 23 - Conference of Constantinople about Ottoman treatment of its ethnic minorities begins
• December 29 - The Ashtabula River Railroad bridge disaster, 64 injured, 92 dead at Ashtabula, Ohio.

Unknown dates

• Spandau Prison finished
• Paraguay makes peace with Argentina
• Invention of the four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine by Nikolaus Otto
• United States of America Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia
• After the Young Turks rebellion deposes sultan Abd al-Aziz. He is succeeded by Murad V who, after being declared insane, gives way to Abd al-Hamid I.

Births

January

• January 5 - Konrad Adenauer, German chancellor 1949-1963 (d. 1967)
• January 11 - Elmer Flick, baseball player (d. 1971)
• January 12 - Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, composer
• January 12 - Jack London, American author (d. 1916)
• January 20 - Jozef Hofmann, Polish pianist (d. 1967)
• January 29 - Havergal Brian, composer (d. 1972)

February

• February 19 - Constantin Brancusi, sculptor

March

• March 1 - Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian IOC president
• March 2 - Pope Pius XII, (d. 1958)
• March 4 - Léon-Paul Fargue, poet
• March 11 - Carl Ruggles, composer (d. 1971)
• March 21 - John Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)

April

• April 4 - Maurice de Vlaminck, lyricist (d. 1958)
• April 22 - Robert_Barany, Nobel Prize winner in medicine

June

• June 5 - Tony Jackson, jazz musician (d. 1920)

July

• July 19 - Joseph Fielding Smith, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)

August

• August 7 - Mata Hari, exotic dancer/spy

September

• September 15 - Bruno Walter, conductor (d. 1962)
• September 16 - Marvin Hart, future heavyweight boxing champion (d. 1931)
• September 18 - James Scullin, ninth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1953)
• September 26 - Edith Abbott, social worker, educator, and author (d. 1957)

November

• November 7 - Culbert Olson, 29th Governor of California.
• November 17 - August Sander - German photographer (d. 1964)
• November 23 - Manuel de Falla, composer (d. 1946)
• November 24 - Walter Burley Griffin, architect

December

• December 9 - Berton Churchill, pioneer Hollywood actor (d. 1940)
• December 12 - Alvin Kraenzlein, American athlete
• December 21 - Jack Lang, Australian politician (d. 1975)
• December 25 - Muhammed Ali Jinnah, first Governor-General of Pakistan (disputed)
• December 29 - Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist (d. 1973)
• Alfred Stock, German chemist

Deaths

January

• January 16 - Edmund H. Sears, composer

February

• February 18 - Charlotte Cushman, American stage actress

June

• June 21 - Antonio López de Santa Anna seven times President of Mexico, penniless in Mexico City.
• June 25 - George Armstrong Custer, Lieutenant colonel of the US 7th Cavalry Regiment

August

• August 2 - Wild Bill Hickok, gunfighter (b. 1837)
• August 6 - George Fruits, the last surviving U.S. veteran of the American Revolutionary War at the age of 114

October

• October 1 - James Lick, California land baron.

• Abd al-Aziz, Ottoman sultan