Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin (Каледин, Алексей Максимович in Russian) (10.12(24).1861 – 2.11(1.29).1918), leader of the Cossack counterrevolution in the Don region in 1917-1918, Cavalry General (1917).

Kaledin graduated from Voronezh Military School, Mikhailovskoye Artillery School in Petersburg (1882) and General Staff Academy (1889). In 1903-1906, he was a principal at Novocherkassk Military School. In 1906-1910, Kaledin was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff of the Don Army. During the World War I, he was a commander of the 12th Cavalry Division and the 8th Army of the South-West Front. Kaledin didn't accept the February Revolution of 1917 and was relieved of his commanding post due to his refusal to carry out Provisional Government's orders regarding democratization in the army. On June 17(30), 1917, Kaledin was appointed Ataman of the Don Cossack Army by the Cossack community and at the insistence of Mitrofan Bogayevsky and became the head of the counterrevolutionary government. In August of 1917, in Moscow, Kaledin came forward with his program of suppression of the revolutionary movement.

On August 29, local authorities of Novocherkassk made a decision to ask Alexander Kerensky to relieve General Kaledin of his post and arrest him for spreading pro-Kornilov propaganda among the Cossacks of the Don region. On August 31, the prosecutor of the Court of Novocherkassk received a telegram from Kerensky, saying that Kaledin had been officially relieved of his post and should be arrested immediately and tried for incitement. The Cossack Army Command decided to listen to what Kaledin had to say, first, and then send him to Mogilev to explain himself in the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, as Kerensky had requested. On September 6, Kaledin tried to protect Kornilov from the attacks of the Cossack Army Command, however, denying his participation in the Kornilov Affair. On October 25 (the beginning of the October Revolution), Kaledin stated that until the authority of the Provisional Goverment in Russia was fully restored, the Don Cossack Army would assume total control over the Don region. This statement marked the beginning of the Kaledinschina, a counterrevolutionary rebellion in the Don region. Its eventual failure made Kaledin think that the whole situation had been hopeless. On January 29 (February 11), 1918, he resigned from his post and shot himself on the same day.