Count Aleksander Wielopolski, head of Poland's Civil Administration within the Russian Empire, appointed in 1862, conservative, pro-Russian, proponent of regaining of the pre-1830 autonomy of Poland and of the emancipation of Jews. He undertook educational reform (increasing the number of schools, establishing the Central School in Warsaw - Szkola glowna w Warszawie - the first school in Russian part of Poland which played the role of an university) and agricultural reform (introduction of rents instead of serfdom). In attempt to pacify Polish National movement, organised conscription of the young activists into Russian Army (for 20 years long service). Thus provoked the January Uprising, exactly the effect, that he wanted to avoid.