Alfred James Dobbs (1882, Wellingborough-27 July, 1945) was a British Labour politician and trade unionist. He is most notable for being the Member of Parliament who served the shortest term - just one day.

Dobbs was born in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire. He served as a Rushden Urban District Councillor between 1906-10 and a Leeds City Councillor from 1923 to 1929, then as Alderman in Leeds 1929-36. Dobbs was Leader of Labour Group on Leeds City Council between 1931-36 as well as a magistrate.

Dobbs worked as National Organiser for the National Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives 1936-45. He was well-known at senior levels of the Labour Party, a member of the National Executive Committee 1936-45 and Chair of the Labour Party 1942-43.

Dobbs stood for Parliament on several occasions, in Altrincham in 1929 and in Leeds North East in 1931 and 1935. He was elected as MP for Smethwick in the Labour landslide of 1945. Tragically, however, having been elected on 26 July 1945, Dobbs was killed in a car accident the very next day, 27 July 1945. Although there have been occasions when MPs were elected posthumously, Dobbs has the dubious honour of having served the shortest term since World War II.

He was followed as MP for Smethwick by Patrick Gordon Walker. The MP with the shortest term after Dobbs was hunger striker Bobby Sands.

Not to be confused with Alfred Dubs, a Labour MP from 1979 to 1987.