The Alor archipelago is located at the eastern-most end of the chain of islands that runs through southern Indonesia, which from the west include such islands as Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Solor and Lomblen.

The largest island in the archipelago, Alor, is located at its eastern end. Other islands in the Alor archipelago include Pantar (the second largest island in the Alor arcipelago), Kepa, Buaya, Ternate, Pura and Tereweng. Politically the Alor archipelago forms its own Kabupaten or district, in the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur.