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The Anti-Nazi League (ANL) was an organisation set up in 1977 to oppose the rise of far-right groups in Britain. It was at its height between 1977 and 1981. The organisation was allowed to run down before being revived in 1992 and merged into Unite Against Fascism in 2004. Its founder members included Peter Hain (then the communications officer of the postal workers' union UCW, more recently a prominent Labour MP), Ernie Roberts (deputy general secretary of the engineering union AUEW) and Paul Holborow (of the Socialist Workers Party).
Most of the ANL's activities in the 1970s were in opposition to the National Front, an organisation led by John Tyndall who had a long history of involvement with openly fascist and Nazi groups. The ANL also campaigned against the British Movement which was a more openly Hitlerite grouping. In the 1990s it main efforts have been to oppose the similar British National Party.
Activities
The ANL carried out leafleting and other campaigns against what it saw as Nazi groups. The ANL was linked to "Rock Against Racism" in the 1970s, and worked with a similar group, "Love Music Hate Racism", from 2001 onwards.
Opposition
Critics contend that the ANL's "No free speech for Nazis" policy is undemocratic. In response it has pointed out that both the National Front in the 1970s and the British National Party have been led by John Tyndall who has a record of involvement in openly Neo-Nazi groups and convictions for violence and incitement to race hatred.
History
In its first period, 1977-1982, the Anti-Nazi League was run by an elected committee nationally and similar committees throughout the country. Many trade unions sponsored it as did the Indian Workers Association (then a large organisation), and many members of the Labour Party and MPs such as Neil Kinnock.
The Anti-Nazi League was best known for the two giant Rock Against Racism carnivals of 1978: involving bands such as The Clash and Tom Robinson, they saw 80,000 and then 100,000 people protest against the National Front.
One of the ANL's best known members was Blair Peach, a teacher from New Zealand who specialised in working with children with special needs. Blair Peach was killed in April 1979, following a demonstration at Southall.
A small National Front election meeting was taking place in central Southall. As several thousand demonstrators gathered to protest outside, members of the Metropolian Police Special Patrol Group attempted to disperse the protesters. A scuffle broke out, and during this exchange, Blair Peach received a blow to the head. The Anti-Nazi League alledged that this was from a police truncheon but this has never been proved.
An inquest jury later returned a verdict of misadventure over Mr Peach's death.
He remains a symbolic figurehead for the ANL and campaigns continue to have a public inquiry into his death. A primary school in Southall bears his name.
In 1981 with the eclipse of the National Front and collapse of the British Movement the initial incarnation of the ANL was wound up.
Some elements within the ANL opposed the winding up of the organisation especially those described within the SWP as Squadists. After being expelled from the SWP some of these elements formed Red Action and with others organised Anti-Fascist Action, who had a much more open view to using violence.
But in 1992 the SWP leadership relaunched the Anti-Nazi League due to the rise of the British National Party and that party's electoral success. The ANL has recently affiliated with the Unite Against Fascism group alongside other groups such as the National Assembly Against Racism.
The ANL's Leadership
The ANL's National Organiser is Weyman Bennett, who is a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Workers Party (UK) and on the National Executive of the Socialist Alliance.
Its previous National Organiser was Julie Waterson who is also a member of the Socialist Workers Party (UK)
Dozens of Labour Party (UK) MPs are members of the ANL and many like Peter Hain have been members for many years. The ANL has close links with many Trade Unions, many of which have affiliated with it.
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