April 19 - Definition and Overview

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April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). There are 256 days remaining.

Events

1000-1899

• 1012 - Martyrdom of St Alphege in Greenwich, London.
• 1529 - At the Diet of Speyer a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protested the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms. This movement was later called Protestantism.
• 1539 - The Treaty of Frankfurt is signed.
• 1587 - Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz Harbor.
• 1713 - Pragmatic Sanction was signed.
• 1770 - Captain James Cook first spots Australia.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Lexington and Concord - British General Thomas Gage attempts to confiscate American colonists' firearms. The British are driven back to Boston, Massachusetts. The American Revolutionary War begins.
• 1809 - Battle of Raszyn happenned between armies of Austria (attackers) and Duchy of Warsaw (defenders) as a part of struggles of the Fifth Coalition (1809). Austrian army was defeated.
• 1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
• 1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom.
• 1861 - American Civil War: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
• 1892 - Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.

1900-1999

• 1904 - Much of Toronto, Ontario, Canada is destroyed by fire.
• 1909 - Joan of Arc is declared a saint.
• 1919 - Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful parachute jump and free fall.
• 1927 - Mae West is sentenced to 10 days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
• 1928 - The final volume of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
• 1933 - President Franklin Delano Roosevelt announces that the United States will be leaving the gold standard.
• 1934 - Shirley Temple debuts in Stand Up and Cheer.
• 1938 - RCA-NBC begins regular television broadcasts.
• 1943 - World War II: German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews, starting the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
• 1943 - Bicycle Day - Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
• 1951 - General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
• 1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III of Monaco.
• 1960 - The students in South Korea held a nationwide pro-democracy protest against their president Syngman Rhee, which eventually forced him to resign.
• 1961 - The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba ends in failure.
• 1964 - The Ford Mustang is introduced to the general public.
• 1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic.
• 1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, DC.
• 1971 - Charles Manson is sentenced to life in prison for the Sharon Tate murders.
• 1971 - Launch of Salyut 1, first human-made space station.
• 1978 - Lagumot Harris is elected President of Nauru.
• 1980 - In The Hague, Netherlands, Johnny Logan wins the twenty-fifth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "What's Another Year".
• 1987 - The Simpsons make their first appearance on television, on The Tracey Ullman Show, in the short episode called "Good Night".
• 1989 - A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
• 1989 - Trisha Meili, the "Central Park Jogger" is raped.
• 1993 - The 50-day siege of the Branch Davidian complex outside Waco, Texas ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
• 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma is bombed, killing 168.
• 1999 - The German Parliament returns to Berlin.

2000-2099

• 2000 - An Air Philippines Boeing 737-200 crashes nearby Davao airport killing 131.

• 2000 - NBA superstar Charles Barkley of the Houston Rockets makes his return to the court against the Phoenix Suns after having torn his left quadricep tendon completely away from his kneecap a little over four months earlier. Barkley retired immediately after the game.

Births

1300-1899

• 1320 - King Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
• 1721 - Roger Sherman, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)
• 1721 - Thomas McKean, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
• 1883 - Richard von Mises, mathematician (d. 1953)
• 1892 - Germaine Tailleferre, composer (d. 1983)
• 1897 - Constance Talmadge, actress (d. 1973)

1900-1999

• 1900 - Richard Hughes, novelist (d. 1976)
• 1903 - Eliot Ness (d. 1957)
• 1912 - Glenn Seaborg (d. 1999)
• 1928 - Alexis Korner, rock musician (d. 1984)
• 1930 - Dick Sargent, actor (d. 1994)
• 1933 - Jayne Mansfield, actress (d. 1967)
• 1933 - Dickie Bird, cricket umpire
• 1935 - Dudley Moore, actor, musician, comedian, composer (d. 2002)
• 1942 - Frank Elstner, television producer
• 1944 - Bernie Worrell, keyboardist (originally with P Funk)
• 1946 - Tim Curry, actor
• 1947 - Murray Perahia, American pianist
• 1949 - Paloma Picasso, painter
• 1952 - Alexis Arguello, boxer
• 1953 - Ruby Wax, television personality
• 1962 - Al Unser, Jr., automobile racer, two-time Indianapolis 500 winner
• 1964 - Paolo Martinotti, genio incompreso, estroso personaggio
• 1965 - Suge Knight, record producer
• 1967 - Steven H Silver, science fiction editor
• 1968 - Ashley Judd, actress
• 1970 - Kelly Holmes, Olympian,double gold medalist
• 1972 - Rivaldo, football player
• 1979 - Kate Hudson, actress
• 1981 - Hayden Christensen, actor
• 1987 - Maria Sharapova, tennis player
• 1988 - Ted Kim, volleyball player

Deaths

1000-1899

• 1054 - Pope Leo IX (b. 1002)
• 1390 - King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1316)
• 1578 - Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
• 1632 - Sigismund, king of Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (b. 1561)
• 1689 - Queen Christina of Sweden (b. 1626)
• 1813 - Benjamin Rush, physician, activist (b. 1745)
• 1824 - George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, author, poet (b. 1788)
• 1881 - Benjamin Disraeli, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
• 1882 - Charles Darwin, biologist, author (b. 1809)

1900-1999

• 1906 - Pierre Curie, physicist (b. 1859)
• 1914 - Charles Sanders Peirce, pragmatic semiologist (b. 1839)
• 1930 - Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, Canadian Senator (b. 1827)
• 1937 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856)
• 1949 - Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
• 1958 - Robert Bentley, humorist, actor
• 1967 - Konrad Adenauer, former Bundeskanzler of West Germany (b. 1876)
• 1971 - Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (b. 1895)
• 1973 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian-American legal theorist
• 1974 - Ayub Khan, former President of Pakistan (b. 1907)
• 1975 - Percy L. Julian, chemist (b. 1899)
• 1987 - Maxwell Taylor, general (b. 1901)
• 1989 - Daphne du Maurier, author (b. 1907)
• 1992 - Frankie Howerd, comedian, actor (b. 1917)
• 1993 - David Koresh, cult leader (b. 1959)
• 1998 - Octavio Paz, writer, diplomat (b. 1914)

Holidays and observances

• Patriots' Day (Massachusetts)
• Declaration of Independence Day (Venezuela)
• Republic Day (Sierra Leone)
• Landing of the 33 (Uruguay)
• Primrose Day (England) - primroses are placed on the statue of Benjamin Disraeli in Parliament Square, London on the anniversary of his death (1881). Primroses were his favourite flower.
• The Roman holiday of Cerealia ends. (Roman Empire)
• Bicycle Day

• Easter Sunday 1908, 1981, 1987, 1992, 1998. In the Gregorian Calendar Easter Sunday falls on 19th April more often than any other date.

April 18 - April 20 - March 19 - May 19 -- listing of all days