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Arthur Jacob Arshawsky (May 23 1910 – December 30 2004), better known as Artie Shaw, was an accomplished jazz clarinetist, composer, bandleader, and writer.
He was born in New York City, United States, and began learning the saxophone when he was 15 and, by age 16, had begun to tour with a band. He returned to New York and became a session musician. During the Swing Era, his big band was very popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine", "Lady Be Good", and "Frenesi".
Shaw was know for being an innovator in the big band idiom, at the time using unusual instrumentation. His piece "Interlude in B-flat" was the first known example of what came to be known as Third Stream Music. He hired Billie Holiday as his band's vocalist, becoming the first white bandleader to hire a black female as a full-time singer. His band became enormously successful and his playing, dismissed at first, eventually rivaled that of Benny Goodman. At the height of his popularity, Shaw reportedly earned US$30,000 per week, a very large amount during the Great Depression.
During WWII he enlisted in the U.S. Navy (along with his entire band) and served with them in the Pacific theater (similar to Glenn Miller's wartime band in Europe). He spent approximately 18 months playing for navy personnel, sometimes as many as four shows a day. He received a medical discharge.
Throughout his musical career, Shaw would take sabbaticals where he would quit the business. He credited his time in the navy as a period of renewed introspection. He began psychoanalysis and began to pursue a writing career. In 1954, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet, citing his own perfectionism, which, he later said, would have killed him. He focused on writing, concentrating on semi-biographical fiction. He wrote The Trouble With Cinderella and was working on The Education of Albie Snow when he died.
For the Marx Brothers' movie, The Big Store Shaw co-wrote the song, "If It's You." He also had a significant role in the Fred Astaire film Second Chorus.
A self-proclaimed 'very difficult man', Shaw was married eight times; it became a national joke to have been "married as many times as Artie Shaw." Among his wives were Jane Cairns, Margaret Allen, Betty Kern (daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern), author Kathleen Winsor, and actresses Ava Gardner, Lana Turner, Doris Dowling and Evelyn Keyes. He had two children.
In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activites Committee for his liberal activities. The committee was investigating a peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a Communist front.
In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of Thousand Oaks, California. In 1981, he organised a new Artie Shaw Band, with clarinetist Dick Johnson as band leader and soloist. Shaw himself would guest conduct from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.
In 2004, he was presented with a lifetime achievement Grammy Award. He died from natural causes aged 94.
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