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Barry Humphries (b. 17 February 1934) is an Australian comedian, satirist and character actor best known for his on-stage and television alter egos Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife, and Sir Les Patterson, Australia's foul-mouthed Cultural Attache to Britain. Humphries is also a film producer and script writer, a star of London's West End musical theatre, an award-winning author and an accomplished landscape painter.
Barry Humphries was born in Melbourne. After education at Melbourne Grammar School and the University of Melbourne he joined the Melbourne Theatre Group, and created the character of Edna Everage in 1956. In the early sixties he moved to London and appeared in several West End productions. He first brought Mrs. Everage to the British stage in 1969 for his one-man show Just a Show.
Humphries' characters, especially Dame Edna, have made him a national figure, with numerous stage and television shows.
His Barry McKenzie comic strips about Australians in London appeared in Private Eye magazine with drawings by Nicholas Garland. The stories about "Bazza" (also Humphries' nickname) gave wide circulation to Australian slang, particularly jokes about drinking and its consequences, much of it invented by Humphries.
He was also the voice of Bruce the Shark in the 2003 Pixar movie Finding Nemo.
Humphries has been married four times; his fourth wife Lizzie Spender is the daughter of British poet Sir Stephen Spender. He has two sons and two daughters from his third and fourth marriages to Diane Millstead and Lizzie Spender.
Early Life
Barry Humphries was born in Kew, Melbourne. His father was a well-to-do construction manager and Barry grew up in a "clean, tasteful and modern home" in Camberwell, then one of Melbournes new garden suburbs. His early home life set the pattern for his eventual stage career -- Barry's parents bought him everything he wanted, but his father in particular spent little time with him, so he spent hours playing dress-ups in the back garden.
"Disguising myself as different characters and I had a whole box of dressing up clothes ... Red Indian, sailor suit, Chinese costume and I was very spoiled in that way ... I also found that entertaining people gave me a great feeling of release, making people laugh was a very good way of befriending them. People couldn't hit you could they if they were laughing."
His parents nicknamed him 'Sunny Sam', and his early childhood was happy and uneventful, but in his teens Barry began to rebel against the strictures of conventional suburban life by becoming 'artistic' much to the dismay of his parents who, despite their affluence, distrusted "art". A key event took place when he was nine -- his mother gave all his books to the Salvation Army, cheerfully explaining: "But you've read them, Barry."
Humphries responded by becoming a voracious reader, a collector of rare books, a painter, a theatre fan and a surrealist. Dressing up in a black cloak, black homburg and mascara'd eyes, he invented his first sustained character, "Dr Aaron Azimuth", dandy and Dadaist.
His fathers building business prospered, and Barry was sent to Melbourne Grammar School, where he spurned sport, detested mathematics, shirked cadets "on the basis of conscientious objection" and matriculated with brilliant results in English and Art.
He spent two years at Melbourne University, where he studied studied law, philosophy and fine arts. During this time he became Australias leading exponent of the deconstructive and absurd art movement, Dada. The Dadaist pranks and performances he mounted in Melbourne were experiments in anarchy and visual satire which have become part of Australian folklore. One famous exhibit entitled "Pus In Boots" consisted of a pair of Wellington boots filled with custard. He was also legendary for his notorious "sick bag" prank. This involved carrying a tin of condensed soup onto an aircraft, which he would then surreptitiously empty into an air-sickness bag. At an appropriate juncture, he would pretend to vomit loudly and violently into the bag. Then, to the horror of passengers and crew, he would proceed to eat the contents. Such stunts were the early manifestations of a lifelong interest in the bizarre, discomfiting and subversive.
He had written and performed songs and sketches in university revues, so after leaving university he joined the newly formed Melbourne Theatre Company. It was at this point that he created the first incarnation of what became his most famous character, Edna Everage. The first stage sketch featuring Mrs Everage, called "Olympic Hostess", premiered at Melbourne University's Union Theatre on December 12, 1955. In his award-winning autobiography More Please (1992) Humphries relates that he created a character similar to Edna in the back of a bus while touring country Victoria in Twelfth Night with the MTC at the age of twenty. The dowdy Moonee Ponds housewife, originally created as a caricature of Australian suburban complacency and insularity, has evolved over four decades to become a satire of stardom, the gaudily dressed, acid-tongued, egomaniacal, internationally feted Housewife Megastar, Dame Edna.
Humphries' other satirical characters include the legendary comic strip hero, nephew of Dame Edna (and progenitor of Crocodile Dundee) Barry McKenzie; the "priapic and inebriated cultural attaché" Sir Les Patterson, who has "continued to bring worldwide discredit upon Australian arts and culture, while contributing as much to the Australian vernacular as he has borrowed from it"; gentle, grandfatherly "returned gentleman" Sandy Stone; iconoclastic '60s underground film-maker Martin Agrippa, Paddington socialist academic Neil Singleton, sleazy trade union official Lance Boyle, high-pressure art salesman Morrie OConnor and failed tycoon Owen Steele.
Humphries then moved to Sydney and joined Sydney's famous Philip Street Revue Theatre, Australia's leading venue for revue and satirical comedy. After a long season in revue, he appeared as Estragon in Waiting for Godot, Australia's first ever production of a Samuel Beckett play.
London & The Sixties
In 1959 Humphries, now in his early twenties, sailed to Venice and then settled in London where he lived and worked throughout the Sixties. He became friends with leading members of the British comedy scene including Dudley Moore, Peter Cook, Alan Bennett, Jonathon Miller, Spike Milligan, Dick Bentley, Will Rushton and fellow Aussie expatriate comedian-actor John Bluthal. Humphries performed at Cook's comedy venue The Establishment Club, where he also became friends with and was photographed by leading photographer Lewis Morley, whose studio was located above the club. He contributed to the satirical magazine Private Eye, of which Cook was publisher, his most famous work being the famous cartoon strip The Wonderful World of Barry McKenzie. The bawdy cartoon satire of the worst aspects of Australians abroad was written by Humphries and drawn by New Zealand born cartoonist Nicholas Garland. The book version of the comic strip, published in the late' 60s, was for some time banned in Australia.
Humphries appeared in numerous West End stage productions including the musicals Oliver! and Maggie May, by Lionel Bart, and stage and radio productions by his friend Spike Milligan, in particular The Bed Sitting Room.
Humphries' first major break on the British stage when he was cast in the role of the undertaker Mr Sowerberry for the original 1960 London stage production of Oliver! He recorded Sowerberry's feature number "That's Your Funeral" for the original London cast soundtrack album (released on Deram) and reprised the role when the production moved to Broadway in 1963, where it became the first London stage musical to be transplanted to Broadway and receive the same critical and audience reception it had received in Britain. In 1967 he starred as Fagin in the Piccadilly Theatre's revival of Oliver! which featured a young Phil Collins as The Artful Dodger. In 1997 Barry reprised the role of Fagin in Cameron Mackintosh's award winning revival at the London Palladium.
In 1967 his friendship with Cook and Moore led to his first film role, a cameo as "Envy" in the hit film Bedazzled starring Cook and Moore with Eleanor Bron, and directed by Stanley Donen. The following year he appeared in The Bliss Of Mrs Blossom with Shirley MacLaine.
In the late '60s Humphries contributed to BBC-TV's popular The Late Show (which also featured Oz magazine editor Richard Neville) but Humphries found his true calling with his one-man satirical stage revues, in which he performed as Edna Everage and other character creations including Les Patterson and Sandy Stone. He gained considerable notoriety with his first one-man revue Just A Show at London's Fortune Theatre in 1969. It polarized British critics but was successful enough to lead to a short-lived BBC television series The Barry Humphries Scandals, one of the precursors to the famous Monty Python series.
The Seventies
In 1970 Barry returned to Australia, where Edna Everage made her movie debut in John B. Murray's The Naked Bunyip. In 1971-72 he teamed up with producer Philip Adams and writer-director Bruce Beresford to create a film version of the Barry McKenzie cartoons. The Adventures of Barry MacKenzie starred singer Barry Crocker as McKenzie and featured Humphries -- who co-wrote the script with Beresford -- in three different roles. It was filmed in England and Australia with an all-star cast including Spike Milligan, Peter Cook, Denis Price, Dick Bentley, Will Rushton, Julie Covington, Clive James and broadcaster Joan Bakewell. Although savaged by Australian critics, it was a huge hit with audiences and became the most successful feature ever made in Australia up to that time, paving the way for the subsequent success of subsequent locally made feature films like Alvin Purple.
Throughout his sojourn in London, Humphries became increasingly dependent on alcohol and by the late Sixties his friends and family began to fear that his addiction might cost him his career and possibly even his life. It certainly wrecked his first marriage and was a contributing factor to the collapse of his second. His drinking reached crisis point during a visit home in the early Seventies, and his parents finally had him admitted to a private hospital to 'dry out' when, after a particularly heavy binge, he was found unconscious in a gutter. Since then he has abstained from alcohol completely and was one of the many who tried vainly to help his old friend Peter Cook, who eventually died from alcohol-related illnesses. It has been speculated that the excesses of the perpetually drunk Sir Les Patterson are to some extent informed by his own battles with the bottle.
Film Roles
Since the '70s Humphries has appeared in numerous films, mostly in supporting or cameo roles. His credits include the UK sex comedy Percy's Progress (1974), David Baker's The Great McCarthy and Bruce Beresford's Barry MacKenzie Holds his Own (1974) -- in which Edna was made a Dame by then Australian PM Gough Whitlam.
Other film credits inlclude Side By Side (1975) and The Getting Of Widsom (1977). The same year, he had a cameo as Edna in the famously unsuccessful Robert Stigwood musical film Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, followed in 1981 by a part in Shock Treatment, the unsuccessful sequel to The Rocky Horror Picture Show.
He was more successful with his featured role as Richard Deane in Dr Fischer of Geneva (1985), which was followed by The Howling III (1987), a cameo as Rupert Murdoch in the miniseries Selling Hitler (1991) with Alexei Sayle, a three-role cameo in Phillipe Mora's horror satire Pterodactyl Woman From Beverly Hills (1994), Count Metternich in Iimmortal Beloved]] (1994), as well as roles in The Leading Man (1996), the Spice Girls' film Spice World, the Australian feature Welcome To Woop Woop (1997) and most recently Nicholas Nickelby (2002).
Barry has also featured in various roles in comedy performance films including The Secret Policeman's' Other Ball (1982) and A Night of Comic Relief 2 (1989). In 1987 he starred as Les Patterson in one of his few major flops, the disastrous [[Les Patterson Saves The World]], directed by George Miller of Mad Max fame and co-written by Humphries with his third wife, Diane Millstead.
The One-man Shows
Humphries' forté has always been his one-man satirical stage revues, in which he appears as Edna Everage and a host of other character creations, including Les Patterson and Sandy Stone. There can be few (if any) comedians who can boast the career longevity he has enjoyed. His success is also a tribute to the tremendous skill, style and insight -- and the sheer hard work -- involved in performing two-and-a-half hour shows of entirely original material, laced with ad-libbing, improvisation and the famous audience participation segments.
Humphries has had many successful stage productions in London, most of which he subsequently toured internationally to great success. However he encountered stiff resistance in the early years of his career -- his first London one-man show A Nice Night's Entertainment, staged in 1962, received scathing reviews and it was several years before he made a second attempt. He gained considerable notoriety with his first one-man revue Just A Show at London's Fortune Theatre in 1969. It polarized the critics but was a hit with audiences and became the basis of a growing cult following in the UK. He continued to gain popularity with his early '70s shows including A Load Of Olde Stuffe (1971) and At Least You Can Say That You've Seen It (1974-75).
He finally broke through to widespread critical and audience acclaim in Britain with his 1976 London production Housewife, Superstar! at the Apollo Theatre. Its success in Britain and Australia led Humphries to try his luck with the show in New York in 1977, but it proved to be a disastrous repeat of his experience with Just A Show. Humphries later summed up his negative reception by saying: "When the New York Times tells you to close, you close."
His next show was Isn't It Pathetic At His Age (1978). The title quoted one of the remarks his mother often made when she took Barry to the theatre to see superannuated overseas actors touring in Australia during his youth. His subsequent one-man shows included
- A Night With Dame Edna (1979), which won the Society of West End Theatres Award
- An Evening's Intercourse With Dame Edna (1982)
- two seasons of Back with a Vengeance (1987/1988)
- Look at Me When I'm Talking to You (1996)
- Edna, The Spectacle (1998) at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, where he holds the record as the only solo act to fill the theatre since it opened in 1663
- Remember Your'e Out which toured Australia in 1999.
He has made numerous theatrical tours in Germany, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, and in the Far and Middle East. In 2003 he toured Australia with his latest show, Getting Back To My Roots (And Other Suckers).
Dame Edna
- see main article Dame Edna Everage
Edna Everage is undoubtedly one of the most famous and enduring Australian comedy character of all time. Originally conceived in the late 1950s, she has long since transcended her modest origins as a satire of Australian suburbia to become one of the most successful, best-known and best loved comedy characters of all time. She has grown over the years to become, as journalist Caroline Overington puts it:
"... a perfect parody of a modern, vainglorious celebrity with a rampant ego and a strong aversion to the audience (whom celebrities pretend to love but actually, as Edna so boldly makes transparent, they actually loathe for their cheap shoes and suburban values). (Sydney Morning Herald)
Like her ever-present bunches of gladioli, one of the most popular and distinctive features of Edna's stage and TV appearances has been her extravagant wardrobe, with gaudy, custom-made gowns that satiricaly outdo the most outrageous creations of Hollywood showbiz designers such as Bob Mackie. Her costumes, most of which were created for her by Australian designer Bill Goodwin, routinely incorporate Aussie kitsch icons such as the flag, Australian native animals and flowers, the Sydney Opera House and the boxing kangaroo.
As the character evolved, Edna's always unseen family became an integral part of the satire, particularly the travails of her invalid husband Norm, who suffered from an almost lifelong onslaught of an unspecified prostate ailment. Her daughter Valmai and her gay, window-dresser son Kenny also became intrinsic elements of the act, as did her long-suffering best friend and bridesmaid, Madge Allsop. Throughout Edna's career, Madge has been played by Emily Perry), who is the only other actor ever to appear regularly on stage with Humphries in his stage shows.
Dame Edna is also notable as one of the only satirical characters to make a successful transition from stage to TV without losing popularity in either genre, and her decades-long popularity shows no signs of waning. The talk show format provided a perfect outlet for Humphries' rapier wit and his legendary ability to ad-lib, and it enabled Edna to draw on a wide and appreciative pool of fans among fellow actors and comedians, with scores of top-rank stars lining up to be lampooned on her shows. As other Australian actors have begin to make a wider impression in international film and television, Edna has not hesitated to reveal that it was her mentorship which helped "kiddies" like "little Nicole Kidman" to achieve their early success.
Television roles
Humphries' numerous television appearances in Australia, the UK and the USA include The Bunyip, a children's comedy for Channel 7 in Melbourne. IN the UK he made two highly successful series of his talk show The Dame Edna Experience for London Weekend Television. The series boasted a phalanx of superstar guests including Liza Minnelli, Robin Williams, Cher, Roger Moore, Charlton Heston and Kim Basinger. These enormously popular programs have since been repeated worldwide and the special A Night On Mount Edna won Humphries the Golden Rose of Montreux in 1991. He wrote and starred in ABC-TV's The Life And Death Of Sandy Stone (1991) and presented the ABC social history series Barry Humphries' Flashbacks in 1999.
His more recent television shows include Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch, Dame Edna's Work Experience and Dame Edna's Hollywood, an occasional series filmed in the U.S. for the NBC and the Fox network. Edna's most recent television special was Dame Edna Kisses It Better.
American Success
Barry Humphries finally realised his long-delayed dream of success in America when he took Dame Edna - The Royal Tour to Broadway in 2000, scoring a smash hit and winning rave reviews. As a result Humphries won the inaugural 'Special Tony Award for a Live Theatrical Event' in 2000 and two National Broadway Theatre Awards for "Best Play" and for "Best Actor" in 2001.
Edna's new-found success in America led to many media opportunities, including a cameo appearance in the hit TV series Ally McBeal. Vanity Fair magazine then invited Dame Edna to write a satirical advice column but she unwittingly created a storm of controversy with a piece published in the February 2003 issue. Replying to a reader who asked if she should learn Spanish, she replied:
"Forget Spanish. There's nothing in that language worth reading except Don Quixote, and a quick listen to the CD of Man of La Mancha will take care of that ... Who speaks it that you are really desperate to talk to? The help? Your leaf blower?"
Edna's satrical intent -- poking fun at the haughty attitudes of wealthy Americans who hire low-waged Hispanic domestic workers -- evidently went over the heads of some readers. Many who subsequently complained appeared not to realise that Dame Edna was merely a character and that 'she' was not really a woman. Members of the Hispanic community took joke out of context, reading it as a deliberately racist remark, and complaints flooded in to the magazine. Hollywood actress Selma Hayek responded angrily, penning a furious letter denouncing Dame Edna. Death threats were even received and Vanity Fair was eventually forced to publish a full-page apology to the Hispanic community.
Humphries commented later. "If you have to explain satire to someone, you might as well give up." when questioned about the controversy as Dame Edna on the eve of her 2003 Australian tour, she claimed that Hayek's denunciation was due to "professional jealousy", and that Hayek was envious because the role of painter Frida Kahlo (for which Hayek received an Oscar nomination) had originally been offered to Edna:
"When I was offered the part of Frida I turned it down, and she was the second choice. I said 'I'm not playing the role of a woman with a moustache and a monobrow, and I'm not having same-sex relations on the screen' ... I'm not racist. I love all races, particularly white people. You know, I even like Roman Catholics."
Other work
Humphries is the author of eighteen books including two autobiographies, two novels and a treatise on Chinese drama in the goldfields. He has also written several plays and has made dozens of recordings. The first volume of his autobiography More Please won the J.R. Ackerley prize for biography in 1993. He was the subject of two critical and biographical studies: The Real Barry Humphries by Peter Coleman, and Dame Edna Everage and the Rise of Western Civilization by John Lahr. His second volume of autobiography, My Life As Me, was published in late 2002.
Awards
- 1982 - Order of Australia
- 1993 - J.R. Ackerley prize for his autobiography More, Please
- 1994 - Honorary Doctorate at Griffith University
- 1997 - Sir Peter Ustinov Award for Comedy presented at the Banff Television Festival
- 2000 - Special Tony Award for a live theatrical event at the 55th Annual Tony Awards for Dame Edna: The Royal Tour
- 2000 - Special Achievement Award by the Outer Critics Circle for The Royal Tour
- 2000 - Best Play from the National Broadway Theatre Awards for The Royal Tour
- 2003 - Honorary Doctorate of Law at his alma mater, University of Melbourne
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