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As a part of the retina, the bipolar cell exists between photoreceptors and ganglion cells.
They can be categorized in to two different groups, ON and OFF, according to how they react to glutamate produced by photoreceptor cells. When light hits a photoreceptor cell, its glutamate production decreases. An ON-cell will react to this by depolarizing. An OFF-cell will depolarize when glutamate production increases.
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