- For other uses, see Black cat (disambiguation).
A black cat in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The black cat is a feline whose fur is uniformly or mostly black. It is not a particular breed of cat.
Historical associations
Historically, black cats were symbolically associated with witchcraft and evil. In Hebrew and Babylonian folklore, cats are compared to serpents, coiled on a hearth. In the Middle Ages, Germanic peoples and the Normans associated the black cat with "bad luck". To some, they were an omen of impending death. On roads, a black cat crossing one's path was considered a signal of danger ahead.
 The black cat in a fighting stance is a historically important anarchist symbol. Since the 1880s, the color black has been associated with anarchism. The black cat, in an alert, fighting stance was later adopted as an anarchist symbol. More specifically, the black cat is associated with anarcho-syndicalism, a branch of anarchism that focuses on workers' rights.
In the 1930s, the Wiccan religious tradition emerged. Since much of Wicca is descended from witchcraft practices, the black cat was adopted as a Wiccan symbol.
The archaic associations of black cats with bad luck or evil appear occasionally in North American popular culture, but are no longer widely held. By some humans, black cats are seen as desirable pets.
Eveready Batteries uses a black cat leaping through the digit 9 as its logo - one of the most recognizable company trademarks.
Witchcraft
Cats, in witchcraft folklore, are often believed to be familiars of human witches, because of their purported psychic and magical abilities. Both historically and in modern times, those who practice witchcraft often keep cats as pets.
Black cats, because of their ability to remain unseen in dark places or at night, were considered especially desirable partners for witches. Some witches were purported to have the ability to shape-shift into a cat nine times, hence the archaic belief that cats have "nine lives". Black cats were sometimes used in magical rituals, sometimes as purported participants, other times as sacrifices.
In witch trials, ownership of a cat was taken as "evidence" of Satanic association and witchcraft. Cats, believed to be evil in their own right, were often punished as well as humans during these trials, often being burned alive.
Both historically and today, some religious and spiritual groups engage in ritualistic sacrifice of cats, though most major traditions do not. For example, cats are never sacrificed in Wiccan rituals, harming animals or people being against the religion.
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