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Calque
- In linguistics, a calque ([kælk]) or loan translation (itself a calque of German Lehnübersetzung) consists of the borrowing of a phrase from one language into another, in the process of which individual words native to the borrowing language semantically match the individual words in the source language.
- The word is also used as a verb: to calque means to loan translate from another language to create a new lexeme in the target language.
English
Calques from French
Calques from German
- English Superman calques German Übermensch
- English standpoint calques German Standpunkt
- English worldview calques German Weltanschauung
- English empathy calques German Einfühlung
- English antibody calques German Antikörper
Calques from Latin
- English Commonwealth calques Latin res publica (which has also become Republic)
- English commonplace calques Latin locus commūnis (referring to a generally applicable literary passage), which itself is a calque of Greek koinos topos
- English devil's advocate calques Latin advocātus diabolī, referring to an official appointed to present arguments against a proposed canonization or beatification in the Catholic Church
- English dog days calques Latin diēs canīculāris
- English wisdom tooth calques Latin dēns sapientiae
- English vicious circle calques Latin circulus vitiōsus
- English Milky Way calques Latin via lactea
- English blue-blood calques Spanish sangre azul
- English moment of truth calques Spanish el momento de la verdad
French
Examples of French expressions calqued from English include:
German
- German Wolkenkratzer calques English skyscraper
- German Nashorn calques the ultimately Greek rhinoceros
- German Großmutter and Großvater calque French grand-mère and grand-père, respectively
See also
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