Camera Dolly - Definition

A Camera Dolly is a specialized piece of film equipment that looks like a little car. The camera is mounted to the dolly and the camera operator and camera assistant usually ride on it to operate the camera. The dolly is operated by a dolly grip who is a dedicated technician trained in its use. The camera dolly may be used as a shooting platform on any surface, but is often raised onto track, to create smooth tracking shots on horizontal axis. Additionally, the dolly usually has a hydraulic arm that raises and lowers the camera on the vertical axis. When a dolly grip operates a dolly on both axiis simultaneously, this is known as a compound move. The skillful use of a dolly is a highly sought after talent that often leads to a long and fulfilling career working closely with a director of photography.

Dollies come in two basic types: Location dollies and studio dollies. Location dollies are smaller, lighter and designed to fit through standard size doorways. These are the first choice for on location work, where it is necessary to carry the dolly up stairs, etc. Studio dollies are larger, more stable and have stronger hydraulic arms. These are the first choice for studio and backlot work where carrying them around is not necessary and stability and comfort are a primary concern.

Dolly track is available in steel and aluminum. Steel is heavier and cheaper to rent so it has the double disadvantage of being more cumbersome to work with while also being the more used and abused type of track. Aluminum designs are just as stiff if not moreso and are lighter and usually in better condition than steel. If steel must be used, 10' lengths are preferred over 8'. Even though they are heavier, they are usually straighter and tighter making them easier to level and keep quiet.