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Captain regent - Definition and Overview |
| Related Words: Co, Mp, Od, Administer, Admiral, Aeronaut, Astronaut, Aviator, Bailiff, Barnstormer, Beadle, Beagle, Boatswain, Brigadier |
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Every 6 months, the Great and General Council of San Marino elects two Captains Regent to be the heads of state. The Regents are chosen from opposing parties. They serve a 6-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on April 1 and October 1 in every year. The practice of dual heads of government is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome.
| Year
| Semester¹
| Captain Regent
| Captain Regent
| | 1900 | April | Domenico Fattori | Antonio Righi
| | 1900 | October | Giovanni Bonelli | Pietro Ugolini
| | 1901 | April | Luigi Tonnini | Marino Nicolini
| | 1901 | October | Antonio Belluzzi | Pasquale Busignani
| | 1902 | April | Onofrio Fattori | Egidio Ceccoli
| | 1902 | October | Gemino Gozi | Giacomo Marcucci
| | 1903 | April | Federico Gozi | Nullo Balducci
| | 1903 | October | Marino Borbiconi | Francesco Marcucci
| | 1904 | April | Menetto Bonelli | Vincenzo Mularoni
| | 1904 | October | Luigi Tonnini | Gustavo Babboni
| | 1905 | April | Antonio Belluzzi | Pasquale Busignani
| | 1905 | October | Onofrio Fattori | Piermatteo Carattoni
| | 1906 | April | Giovanni Belluzzi | Pietro Francini
| | 1906 | October | Alfredo Reffi | Giovanni Arzilli
| | 1907 | April | Ciro Belluzzi | Francesco Pasquali
| | 1907 | October | Giuseppe Angeli | Francesco Valli
| | 1908 | April | Menetto Bonelli | Gustavo Babboni
| | 1908 | October | Olinto Amati | Raffaele Michetti
| | 1909 | April | Luigi Tonnini | Domenico Suzzi Valli
| | 1909 | October | Marino Borbiconi | Giacomo Marcucci
| | 1910 | April | Alfredo Reffi | Giovanni Arzilli
| | 1910 | October | Giovanni Belluzzi | Luigi Lonfernini
| | 1911 | April | Moro Morri | Cesare Stacchini
| | 1911 | October | Onofrio Fattori | Angelo Manzoni Borghesi
| | 1912 | April | Gustavo Babboni | Francesco Pasquali
| | 1912 | October | Menetto Bonelli | Vincenzo Marcucci
| | 1913 | April | Giuseppe Angeli | Ignazio Grazia
| | 1913 | October | Cirro Belluzzi | Domenico Suzzi Valli
| | 1914 | April | Domenico Fattori | Ferruccio Martelli
| | 1914 | October | Olinto Amati | Cesare Stacchini
| | 1915 | April | Moro Morri | Antonio Burgagni
| | 1915 | October | Alfredo Reffi | Luigi Lonfernini
| | 1916 | April | Onofrio Fattori | Ciro Francini
| | 1916 | October | Gustavo Babboni | Giovanni Arzilli
| | 1917 | April | Egisto Morri | Vincenzo Marcucci
| | 1917 | October | Angelo Manzoni Borghesi | Giuseppe Balducci
| | 1918 | April | Ferruccio Martelli | Ermenegildo Mularoni
| | 1918 | October | Protogene Belloni | Francesco Morri
| | 1919 | April | Domenico Vicini | Pietro Suzzi Valli
| | 1919 | October | Moro Morri | Francesco Pasquali
| | 1920 | April | Marino Rossi | Ciro Francini
| | 1920 | Dec. 5 | Carlo Balsimelli | Simone Michelotti
| | 1921 | April | Marino Della Balda | Vincenzo Francini
| | 1921 | October | Egisto Morri | Giuseppe Lanci
| | 1922 | April | Eugenio Reffi | Giovanni Arzilli
| | 1922 | October | Onofrio Fattori | Giuseppe Balducci
| | 1923 | April | Giuliano Gozi | Filippo Mularoni
| | 1923 | October | Marino Borbiconi | Mario Michetti
| | 1924 | April | Angelo Manzoni Borghesi | Francesco Mularoni
| | 1924 | October | Francesco Morri | Girolamo Gozi
| | 1925 | April | Marino Fattori | Augusto Mularoni
| | 1925 | October | Valerio Pasquali | Marco Marcucci
| | 1926 | April | Manlio Gozi | Giuseppe Mularoni
| | 1926 | October | Giuliano Gozi | Ruggero Morri
| | 1927 | April | Gino Gozi | Marino Morri
| | 1927 | October | Marino Rossi | Nelson Burgagni
| | 1928 | April | Domenico Suzzi Valli | Francesco Pasquali
| | 1928 | October | Francesco Morri | Melchiorre Filippi
| | 1929 | April | Girolamo Gozi | Filippo Mularoni
| | 1929 | October | Ezio Balducci | Aldo Busignani
| | 1930 | April | Manlio Gozi | Marino Lonfernini (died September 10, replaced September 16 by Turiddu Foschi)
| | 1930 | October | Valerio Pasquali | Gino Ceccoli
| | 1931 | April | Angelo Manzoni Borghesi | Francesco Mularoni
| | 1931 | October | Domenico Suzzi Valli | Marino Morri
| | 1932 | April | Giuliano Gozi | Pompeo Righi
| | 1932 | October | Gino Gozi | Ruggero Morri
| | 1933 | April | Francesco Morri | Settimio Belluzzi
| | 1933 | October | Carlo Balsimelli | Melchiorre Filippi
| | 1934 | April | Marino Rossi | Giovanni Lonfernini
| | 1934 | October | Angelo Manzoni Borghesi | Marino Michelotti
| | 1935 | April | Federico Gozi | Salvatore Foschi
| | 1935 | October | Pompeo Righi | Marino Morri
| | 1936 | April | Gino Gozi | Ruggero Morri
| | 1936 | October | Francesco Morri | Gino Ceccoli
| | 1937 | April | Giuliano Gozi | Settimio Belluzzi
| | 1937 | October | Marino Rossi | Giovanni Lonfernini
| | 1938 | April | Manlio Gozi | Luigi Mularoni
| | 1938 | October | Carlo Balsimelli | Celio Gozi
| | 1939 | April | Pompeo Righi | Marino Morri
| | 1939 | October | Marino Michelotti | Orlando Reffi
| | 1940 | April | Angelo Manzoni Borghesi | Filippo Mularoni
| | 1940 | October | Federico Gozi | Salvatore Foschi
| | 1941 | April | Gino Gozi | Secondo Menicucci
| | 1941 | October | Giuliano Gozi | Giovanni Lonfernini
| | 1942 | April | Settimio Belluzzi | Celio Gozi
| | 1942 | October | Carlo Balsimelli | Renato Martelli
| | 1943 | April | Marino Michelotti | Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi
| | 1943 | October | Marino Della Balda | Sante Lonfernini
| | 1944 | April | Francesco Balsimelli | Sanzio Valentini
| | 1944 | October | Teodoro Lonfernini | Leonida Suzzi Valli
| | 1945 | April | Alvaro Casali | Vittorio Valentini
| | 1945 | October | Ferruccio Martelli | Secondo Fiorini
| | 1946 | April | Giuseppe Forcellini | Vincenzo Pedini
| | 1946 | October | Filippo Martelli | Luigi Montironi
| | 1947 | April | Marino Della Balda | Luigi Zafferani
| | 1947 | October | Domenico Forcellini | Mariano Ceccoli
| | 1948 | April | Arnaldo Para | Giuseppe Renzi
| | 1948 | October | Giordano Giacomini | Domenico Tomassoni
| | 1949 | April | Ferruccio Martelli | Primo Bugli
| | 1949 | October | Vincenzo Pedini | Agostino Biordi
| | 1950 | April | Giuseppe Forcellini | Primo Taddei
| | 1950 | October | Marino Della Balda | Luigi Montironi
| | 1951 | April | Alvaro Casali | Romolo Giacomini
| | 1951 | October | Domenico Forcellini | Giovanni Terenzi
| | 1952 | April | Domenico Morganti | Mariano Ceccoli
| | 1952 | October | Arnaldo Para | Eugenio Bernardini
| | 1953 | April | Vincenzo Pedini | Alberto Reffi
| | 1953 | October | Giordano Giacomini | Giuseppe Renzi
| | 1954 | April | Giuseppe Forcellini | Secondo Fiorini
| | 1954 | October | Agostino Giacomini | Luigi Montironi
| | 1955 | April | Domenico Forcellini | Vittorio Meloni
| | 1955 | October | Primo Bugli | Giuseppe Maiani
| | 1956 | April | Mario Nanni | Enrico Andreoli
| | 1956 | October | Mariano Ceccoli | Eugenio Bernardini
| | 1957 | April | Giordano Giacomini | Primo Marani
| | 1957 | Oct. 10 | Provisional Government: Federico Bigi, Alvaro Casali, Pietro Giancecchi, Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti
| | 1957 | Oct. 27 | Marino Valdes Franciosi | Federico Micheloni
| | 1958 | April | Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti | Stelio Montironi
| | 1958 | October | Domenico Forcellini | Pietro Reffi
| | 1959 | April | Marino Benedetto Belluzzi | Agostino Biordi
| | 1959 | October | Giuseppe Forcellini | Ferruccio Piva
| | 1960 | April | Alvaro Casali | Gino Vannucci
| | 1960 | October | Eugenio Reffi | Pietro Giancecchi
| | 1961 | April | Federico Micheloni | Giancarlo Ghironzi
| | 1961 | October | Giovanni Vito Marcucci | Pio Galassi
| | 1962 | April | Domenico Forcellini | Francesco Valli
| | 1962 | October | Antonio Maria Morganti | Agostino Biordi
| | 1963 | April | Leonida Suzzi Valli | Stelio Montironi
| | 1963 | October | Giovan Luigi Franciosi | Domenico Bollini
| | 1964 | April | Marino Benedetto Belluzzi | Eusebio Reffi
| | 1964 | October | Giuseppe Micheloni | Pier Marino Mularoni
| | 1965 | April | Ferruccio Piva | Federico Carattoni
| | 1965 | October | Alvaro Casali | Pietro Reffi
| | 1966 | April | Francesco Valli | Emilio Della Balda
| | 1966 | October | Giovanni Vito Marcucci | Francesco Maria Francini
| | 1967 | April | Vittorio Rossini | Alberto Lonfernini
| | 1967 | October | Domenico Forcellini | Romano Michelotti
| | 1968 | April | Marino Benedetto Belluzzi | Dante Rossi
| | 1968 | October | Pietro Giancecchi | Aldo Zavoli
| | 1969 | April | Ferruccio Piva | Stelio Montironi
| | 1969 | October | Alvaro Casali | Giancarlo Ghironzi
| | 1970 | April | Francesco Valli | Eusebio Reffi
| | 1970 | October | Simone Rossini | Giuseppe Lonfernini
| | 1971 | April | Luigi Lonfernini | Attilio Montanari
| | 1971 | October | Federico Carattoni | Marino Vagnetti
| | 1972 | April | Marino Benedetto Belluzzi | Giuseppe Micheloni
| | 1972 | October | Rosolino Martelli | Bruno Casali
| | 1973 | April | Francesco Maria Francini | Primo Bugli
| | 1973 | October | Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari | Giovan Luigi Franciosi
| | 1974 | April | Ferruccio Piva | Giordano Bruno Reffi
| | 1974 | October | Francesco Valli | Enrico Andreoli
| | 1975 | April | Alberto Cecchetti | Michele Righi
| | 1975 | October | Giovanni Vito Marcucci | Giuseppe Della Balda
| | 1976 | April | Clelio Galassi | Marino Venturini
| | 1976 | October | Primo Bugli | Virgilio Cardelli
| | 1977 | April | Alberto Lonfernini | Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari
| | 1977 | October | Giordano Bruno Reffi | Tito Masi
| | 1978 | April | Francesco Valli | Enrico Andreoli
| | 1978 | October | Ermenegildo Gasperoni | Adriano Reffi
| | 1979 | April | Marino Bollini | Lino Celli
| | 1979 | October | Giuseppe Amici | Germano De Biagi
| | 1980 | April | Pietro Chiaruzzi | Primo Marani
| | 1980 | October | Giancarlo Berardi | Rossano Zafferani
| | 1981 | April | Gastone Pasolini | Maria Lea Pedini Angelini
| | 1981 | October | Mario Rossi | Ubaldo Biordi
| | 1982 | April | Giuseppe Maiani | Marino Venturini
| | 1982 | October | Libero Barulli | Maurizio Gobbi
| | 1983 | April | Adriano Reffi | Massimo Roberto Rossini
| | 1983 | October | Renzo Renzi | Germano De Biagi
| | 1984 | April | Gloriana Ranocchini | Giorgio Crescentini
| | 1984 | October | Marino Bollini | Giuseppe Amici
| | 1985 | April | Enzo Colombini | Severiano Tura
| | 1985 | October | Pier Paolo Gasperoni | Ubaldo Biordi
| | 1986 | April | Marino Venturini | Ariosto Maiani
| | 1986 | October | Giuseppe Arzilli | Maurizio Tomassoni
| | 1987 | April | Renzo Renzi | Carlo Franciosi
| | 1987 | October | Rossano Zafferani | Gian Franco Terenzi
| | 1988 | April | Umberto Barulli | Rosolino Martelli
| | 1988 | October | Luciano Cardelli | Reves Salvatori
| | 1989 | April | Mauro Fiorini | Marino Vagnetti
| | 1989 | October | Gloriana Ranocchini | Leo Achilli
| | 1990 | April | Adolmiro Bartolini | Ottaviano Rossi
| | 1990 | October | Cesare Antonio Gasperoni | Roberto Bucci
| | 1991 | April | Domenico Bernardini | Claudio Podeschi
| | 1991 | October | Edda Ceccoli | Marino Riccardi
| | 1992 | April | Germano De Biagi | Ernesto Benedettini
| | 1992 | October | Romeo Morri | Marino Zanotti
| | 1993 | April | Patrizia Busignani | Salvatore Tonelli
| | 1993 | October | Gian Luigi Berti | Paride Andreoli
| | 1994 | April | Alberto Cecchetti | Fausto Mularoni
| | 1994 | October | Renzo Ghiotti | Luciano Ciavatta
| | 1995 | April | Marino Bollini | Settimio Lonfernini
| | 1995 | October | Pier Natalino Mularoni | Marino Venturini
| | 1996 | April | Pier Paolo Gasperoni | Pietro Bugli
| | 1996 | October | Maurizio Rattini | Giancarlo Venturini
| | 1997 | April | Paride Andreoli | Pier Marino Mularoni
| | 1997 | October | Luigi Mazza | Marino Zanotti
| | 1998 | April | Alberto Cecchetti | Loris Francini
| | 1998 | October | Pietro Berti | Paolo Bollini
| | 1999 | April | Antonello Bacciocchi | Rosa Zafferani
| | 1999 | October | Marino Bollini | Giuseppe Arzilli
| | 2000 | April | Maria Domenica Michelotti | Gian Marco Marcucci
| | 2000 | October | Gian Franco Terenzi | Enzo Colombini
| | 2001 | April | Luigi Lonfernini | Fabio Berardi
| | 2001 | October | Alberto Cecchetti | Gino Giovagnoli
| | 2002 | April | Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari | Giovanni Francesco Ugolini
| | 2002 | October | Mauro Chiaruzzi | Giuseppe Maria Morganti
| | 2003 | April | Pier Marino Menicucci | Giovanni Giannoni
| | 2003 | October | Giovanni Lonfernini | Valeria Ciavatta
| | 2004 | April | Paolo Bollini | Marino Riccardi
| | 2004 | October | Giuseppe Arzilli | Roberto Raschi
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Notes:
¹ The six-month term of the captains regent starts on the first day of the month listed (April 1, October 1), unless another date is indicated.
See also:
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