Classical civilization


Classical civilization - Definition

Ancient history is from the period of time when writing and historical records first appear, roughly 5,500 years before the Common Era. For some, the discovery of agriculture, roughly 6,000 BCE is the beginning of ancient history. The most common date for an end of ancient history is A.D. 476 (the fall of the Western Roman Empire), however the exact date is still disputed among various historians.

The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000-5,500 years, with cuneiform possibly being the oldest form of writing. Genetic evidence, however, points to the first appearance of human beings about 150,000 years ago. There is also a growing body of evidence that Homo sapiens first left Africa about 60,000 years ago.

Contents

1 Chronology

1.1 Begining of ancient history
1.2 Important events
1.3 End of ancient history

2 Civilizations

3 See also

Chronology

Begining of ancient history

6,000 BCE - invention of agriculture is the earliest given date for the begining of Ancient Era
5,500 - oldest historical documents
5,000
4,000

Important events

3300 - Bronze Age begins in the Near East, slowly spreads to the rest of Euroasia
2000 - Domestication of the horse

313 AD - Edict of Milan declared that the Roman Empire would be neutral with regard to religious worship
378- Battle of Adrianople, Roman army is defeated by the Germanic tribes

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End of ancient history

The exact date era of ancient history ends is still disputed among historians. Most common dates are:

293 - reforms of Roman Emperor Diocletian, the earliest given date for the end of Ancient Era
395 - the division of Roman Empire into the Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire
476 - the fall of Western Roman Empire. This date is most commonly used to denote the end of Ancient Era
529 - closure of Platon Academy in Athens by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I
622 - Muhammad escapre from Mecca
962 - coronation of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the latest given date for the end of Ancient Era

Civilizations

The most prominent civilisations of the Ancient Era:

Ancient China
Ancient Persia
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome
Ancient India
African Ancient Kingdoms: Axumite Kingdom, Kush, etc.
Assyria
Babylonia
Byzantines (Early Eastern Roman Empire, until 476 BC)
Hellenic civilization (Greeks)
Hittites
Indus Valley civilization, unified from 2600 BC - 1900 BC.
History of ancient Israel and Judah
Kingdom of Israel
Kingdom of Judah
Mesopotamia
Mitanni
Native American
Roman Empire
Sumeria
Susa
Urartu -- Kingdom from 860 BC to 585 BC