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In the United States, the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was enacted to remedy perceived deficiencies in the Sherman Act. The Clayton Act prohibits:
- price discrimination between different purchasers if such discrimination substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce. (Section 2)
- sales on the condition that the buyer not deal with the seller's competitors. (Section 3)
- mergers and acquisitions where the effect may substantially lessen competition. (Section 7)
- any person from being a director of two or more competing corporations. (Section 8)
The Clayton Act is enforced by the Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division of the Justice Department. Section 4 of the Clayton Act empowers private parties injured by violations under this act to sue for treble damages.
Labor unions and agricultural organizations are exempt from the Clayton Act (Section 6). Therefore, boycotts, peaceful strikes, and peaceful picketing are not regulated by this statute. Injunctions could be used to settle labor disputes only when property damage was threatened.
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