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Jan Amos Komenský (Latinized Comenius) (March 28, 1592 - November 15, 1670) was a Czech teacher, educator and writer, known as teacher of nations. He was a Moravian protestant bishop, a religious refugee, a great European and a believer in non-violence.
Life and work
Comenius was born in Nivnice, Moravia. He studied at Herborn in Hesse and at Heidelberg. He was greatly influenced by the Irish Jesuit William Bathe, who wrote Janua Linguaram (The Messe of Tongues) as well as his teachers Johann Piscator, Heinrich Gutberleth and particularly Heinrich Alsted. The Herborn school held the principle that every theory has to be functional in practical use, therefore has to be didactic, ie morally instructive.
Comenius became a pastor at age 24 and led the Brethren into exile when the protestants were persecuted under the counter-reformation. Comenius lived and worked in many different countries in Europe, among them Sweden, Poland, Transylvania, Germany, Prussia, England, Netherlands and Hungary. Comenius took refuge in Leszno, where he lead the gymnasium, then to Sweden to work with queen Christina and the chancellor Oxenstierna. From 1642-1648 he went to Elbląg in Poland, then to England with the aid of Samuel Hartlib, who came originally from Elbląg. Comenius went to Leszno again and during Swedish agression in 1655 declared his support for the protestant Swedish side, for which his house, his manuscripts and the school's printing press were burned down by Polish partisans in 1656. From there he took refuge in Amsterdam, where he died in 1670. Among the interesting facts surrounding Comenius' life includes his being considered a father of modern education and being asked to be the first President of Harvard University.
His book, Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart, is actually a reflection of his life experience and is definately worth reading. Comenius and studies into his life and teachings have come to light since the fall of the Iron Curtain.
One of his daughters, Elisabeth, married Peter Figulus from Gdańsk. Their son, Daniel Ernest Jablonski, Comenius's grandson, later went to Berlin, where he became the highest official pastor at the court of Brandenburg- Prussia's Frederick I. There he was aided by count Ludwig von Zinzendorf. Zinzendorf was the first successor to Comenius as bishop in the renewed Moravian Brethren society.
Comenius was the author of numerous publications, such as Janua Linguaram Reserata'Orbis Pictus (World In Pictures in English) and the Protestant Hymn songbooks (Gesangbuch).
In Sárospatak, Hungary there is a teacher's college named after him (the college now belongs to the University of Miskolc.)
See also
Bibliography
- Orbis Pictus
- Gesangbuch
- Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart
External link
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