Concise List of Roman Emperors - Definition and Overview

Contents

1 The Principate/Claudian Dynasty

2 'Later Claudian' Dynasty

3 Flavian Dynasty

4 Nervan-Antonian dynasty

5 Severan Dynasty, African, Asian and Syrian Emperors

6 Rulers during the Crisis of the Third Century

7 Illyrian Emperors

1 Tetrarchy

1.1 'Collegiate Emperors' of the Constantine Dynasty

1.2 Valentinian Dynasty

1.3 Theodosian Dynasty

2 Western Empire
3 Eastern Empire
4 Gallic Empire 260 to 274
5 Britannic Empire 286 to 297
6 Eastern Empire
7 External links

The Principate/Claudian Dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
16 January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14	Augustus
19 August 14 to 16 March 37	Tiberius
18 March 37 to 24 January 41	Gaius Caligula	Assassinated
24 January 41 to 13 October 54	Claudius	Assassinated by poisoning
October 54 to 11 June 68	Nero	Committed suicide

'Later Claudian' Dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
8 June 68 to 15 January 69	Galba	Murdered by Otho; see: Year of the four emperors
15 January 69 to 16 April 69	Otho	Committed suicide; see: Year of the four emperors
2 January 69 to 20 December 69	Vitellius	Co-emperor; murdered in the Forum; see: Year of the four emperors

Flavian Dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
1 July 69 to 24 June 79	Vespasian	AD70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae co-emperor; see: Year of the four emperors
24 June 79 to 13 September 81	Titus Flavius
14 September 81 to 18 September 96	Domitian	Assassinated

Nervan-Antonian dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
18 September 96 to 27 January 98	Nerva
28 January 98 to 7 August 117	Trajan
11 August 117 to 10 July 138	Hadrian
10 July 138 to 7 March 161	Antoninus Pius
7 March 161 to 17 March 180	Marcus Aurelius
7 March 161 to March 169	Lucius Verus
175 to 175	Avidius Cassius	Usurper; proclaimed emperor: ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion
177 to 31 December 192	Commodus	Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius to 17 March 180; Murdered: strangled by a wrestler

Severan Dynasty, African, Asian and Syrian Emperors

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
1 January 193 to 28 March 193	Pertinax	recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on the Palatine
28 March 193 to 1 June 193	Didius Julianus	Sentenced to death by the Senate; murdered on the Palatine
9 April 193 to 4 February 211	Septimius Severus
193 to 194/195	Pescennius Niger	Claimant: emperor in Syria
193/195 to 197	Clodius Albinus	Claimant: emperor in Britain
198 to 4 February 211	Caracalla
209 to 4 February 211	Geta	Murdered by Caracalla
11 April 217 to June 218	Macrinus	Executed
May 217 to June 218	Diadumenian	Executed
June 218 to 222	Heliogabalus	Assassinated
13 March 222 to ?March 235	Alexander Severus	Pontifex Maximus Assassinated

Rulers during the Crisis of the Third Century

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
February/March 235 to March/April 238	Maximinus Thrax	Murdered by troops
earlyJanuary/March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238	Gordian I	Committed suicide
earlyJanuary March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238	Gordian II	Killed in battle
earlyFebruary 238 to earlyMay 238	Pupienus Maximus	Murdered by the Praetorians
earlyFebruary 238 to earlyMay 238	Balbinus	Murdered by the Praetorians
May 238 to February 244	Gordian III	Murdered
240 to 240	Sabinianus	Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle
February 244 to September/October 249	Philip the Arab	Killed in battle by Decius
248 to 248	Pacantius	Proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers
248 to 248	Jotapian	Claimant
248 to 248	Silbannacus	Usurper
249 to June 251	Decius	Killed in battle
249 to 252	Priscus	Proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern provinces
250 to 250	Licinianus	Claimant
early251 to 1 July 251	Herennius Etruscus	Killed in battle
251 to 251	Hostilian
June 251 to August 253	Gallus	Murdered by his own soldiers
July 251 to August 253	Volusianus	Murdered by his own soldiers
August 253 to October 253	Aemilian	Murdered by his own soldiers
253 to June 260	Valerian I	Co-emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity
253 to September 268	Gallienus	Co-emperor with Valerian 253 to 260; murdered
258 or June 260	Ingenuus	Proclaimed himself emperor
260	Regalianus	Proclaimed emperor
260 to 261	Macrianus Major	Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle
260 to 261	Macrianus Minor	Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle
260 to 261	Quietus	Claimant
261 to 261 or 262	Mussius Aemilianus	Proclaimed emperor
268 to 268	Aureolus	Proclaimed himself emperor; surrendered to Claudius II Gothicus

Illyrian Emperors

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
268 to August 270	Claudius II Gothicus	Died of plague
August 270 to September 270	Quintillus	Co-emperor with Aurelian; committed suicide
August 270 to 275	Aurelian	Co-emperor with Quintillus; murdered by the Praetorian Guard
271 to 271	Septimius	Proclaimed emperor in Dalmatia; killed by his own soldiers
November/December 275 to July 276	Tacitus	Murdered
July 276 to September 276	Florianus	Murdered
July 276 to lateSeptember 282	Probus	Murdered by his own soldiers
280	Saturninus	Claimant: forced by his soldiers; proclaimed himself emperor; killed by his soldiers
280	Proculus	Claimant: acceding to the request of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus
280	Bonosus	Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by Probus and committed suicide
September 282 to July/August 283	Carus
spring 283 to summer 285	Carinus	Co-emperor with Numerianus; Murdered
July/August 283 to November 284	Numerian	Co-emperor with Carinus

Tetrarchy

'Collegiate Emperors' of the Constantine Dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
20 November 284 to 1 May 305	Diocletian	Co-emperor with Maximian; Abdicated
1 May 305 to 25 July 306	Constantius I Chlorus
1 May 305 to May 311	Galerius	Co-emperor with Severus II
1 April 286 to 1 May 305	Maximian	Co-emperor with Diocletian; forced to abdicate
August 306 to 16 September 307	Severus II	Co-emperor with Galerius
307 to 308	Maximian	Abdicated
28 October 306 to 28 October 312	Maxentius	Drowned on order of Constantine I The Great
de jure: 307, de facto 312 to 22 May 337	Constantine I The Great
308	Domitius Alexander	Proclaimed himself emperor
11 November 308 to 19 December 324	Licinius	Co-emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325)
1 May 310 to July/August 313	Maximinus Daia	Co-emperor; committed suicide
337 to 340	Constantine II	Co-emperor; killed in battle
337 to 361	Constantius II	Co-emperor
337 to 350	Constans I	Co-emperor; killed by Magnentius
January 350 to 11 August 353	Magnentius	Co-ruler; committed suicide
c.350	Vetriano	Proclaimed himself emperor
c.350	Nepotianus	Proclaimed himself emperor
November 361 to June 363	Julian the Apostate	Killed in battle
363 to 17 February 364	Jovian	Died accidentally

Valentinian Dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
26 February 364 to 17 November 375	Valentinian_I
24 August 367 to 383	Gratian	Assassinated
375 to 385	Valentinian II	Deposed; died in suspicious circumstances
383 to 388	Magnus Maximus	Rival in the west; deposed and executed
c.386 to 388	Flavius Victor	Fate uncertain
392 to 394	Eugenius	Usurper in the west; killed in battle

Theodosian Dynasty

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
388 to 17 January 395	Theodosius I the Great	Co-emperor; emperor in the east from 379
23 January 393 to 395	Honorius	Becoming emperor in the west

Western Empire

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
395 to 15 August 423	Honorius	Co-emperor with Constantius III (421)
409 to 410	Priscus Attalus	Claimant
414 to 415	Priscus Attalus	Claimant
409 to 411	Constantine III	Claimant
411 to 412	Jovinus	Claimant
421 to 421	Constantius III	Co-emperor with Honorius
423 to 425	Joannes	Claimant
425 to 16 March 455	Valentinian III
17 March 455 to 31 May 455	Petronius Maximus
June 455 to 17 October 456	Avitus
457 to 2 August 461	Majorian	Abdicated
461 to 465	Libius Severus
12 April 467 to 11 July 472	Anthemius	Executed
July 472 to 2 November 472	Olybrius
5 March 473 to June 474	Glycerius	Abdicated
June 474 to August 475	Julius Nepos	Emperor in the West until 475, Emperor in Dalmatia 477 to May 480; fled; murdered
31 October 475 to August 476	Romulus Augustus (Romulus Augustulus)	Deposed by Odoacer; fate unknown

Eastern Empire

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
26 February 364 to 17 November 375	Valentinian I	Co-emperor with Valens 364 to 378
28 March 365 to 9 August 366	Valens	Killed in battle
September 365 to 27 May 366	Procopius	Usurper; executed by Valens
24 August 367 to 383	Gratianus	co-emperor with Valentinian II (375 to 392); assassinated
19 January 379 to 17 January 395	Theodosius I The Great	Co-emperor in the west from 388
383 to January 395	Arcadius	Becoming Byzantine Emperor January 395

Gallic Empire 260 to 274

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
260 to 268	Postumus
269 to 269	Laelianus
269 to 269	Marius
269 to 271	Victorinus
270 to 271	Domitianus	Proclaimed emperor of the Gallic Empire
271 to 274	Tetricus I

Britannic Empire 286 to 297

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
286 to 293	Carausius
293 to 297	Allectus

continuation: see list of Barbarian kings of Italy

Eastern Empire

Reign	Incumbent	Notes
395 to 408	Arcadius
408 to 450	Theodosius II
450 to 457	Marcian
457 to 474	Leo I
474 to 474	Leo II
474 to 491	Zeno
475 to 476	Basiliscus

continuation: see list of Byzantine Emperors

External links

There are good biographies of most of the Roman Emperors in De Imperatoribus Romanis (http://www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm).

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