Conjugate acid - Definition

Related Words: Affiliate, Allied, Amalgamated, Analyze, Assemble, Assimilated, Band, Bond, Bound, Bracket, Bridge, Cement, Chain

In the Brønsted-Lowry (protonic) theory of acids and bases, a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton. The base produced, X^-, is called the conjugate base.

Acid	Base
HCl Hydrochloric acid	Cl- Chloride ion
H₂SO₄ Sulfuric acid	HSO₄^- Hydrogensulfate ion
HNO₃ Nitric acid	NO₃^- Nitrate ion
H₃O⁺ Hydronium ion	H₂O Water
HSO₄^- Hydrogensulfate ion	SO₄^2- Sulfate ion
H₃PO₄ Phosphoric acid	H₂PO₄^- Dihydrogenphosphate ion
HC₂H₃O₂ Acetic acid	C₂H₃O₂^- Acetate ion
H₂CO₃ Carbonic acid	HCO₃^- Hydrogencarbonate ion
H₂S Hydrosulfuric acid	HS^-
H₂PO₄^- Dihydrogenphosphate ion	HPO₄⁺ Hydrogenphosphate ion
NH₄⁺ Ammonium ion	NH₃ Ammonia
HCO₃^- Hydrogencarbonate ion	CO₃^2- Carbonate ion
HPO₄^2- Hydrogenphosphate ion	PO₄^3- Phosphate ion
H₂O Water	OH^- Hydroxide ion

Strength of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs. Acid strength decreases and base strength increases down the table.

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