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The County of Artois was a Carolingian county, established by the counts Odalric and Ecfrid of Artois, then integrated into the County of Flanders, first by Baldwin II of Flanders around 898, then by Arnulf I of Flanders. A new territorial principality was established by the division of the county of Flanders as a dowry given by Philip I of Flanders to his niece Isabelle of Hainaut at the time of her marriage to Philip II of France. The Treaty of Guînes in 1212 gave Aire-sur-la-Lys, Saint-Omer et Guînes to Philip II. The rest of the county was acquired by the Crown after the Flemish defeat at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214 and the Treaty of Melun in 1226. Artois then became an appanage of Robert I of Artois, the youngest son of Louis VIII of France. After the death of count Robert II at the Battle of Courtrai in 1302, a succession dispute arose between Robert's daughter, countess Mahaut, and her nephew Robert III, who represented the claim of his father Philip, who had died at the Battle of Furnes in 1298. Artois then passed to Jeanne of Burgundy, daughter of Mahaut and Otto IV, Count of Burgundy, and wife of Philip V of France. Philip V gave Artois to his daughter Jeanne, wife of Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy. On the death of Jeanne and Eudes' grandson Philip I in 1361, Artois reverted to a grandson of Philip V, Louis II of Flanders. Louis' daughter Margaret III married Philip the Bold in 1369. On the death of Louis II in 1384, Artois became part of the vast, complex territory of Burgundy. Seized by Louis XI of France and established as a seneschalate, then officially ceded to the king by the Treaty of Arras in 1482, it passed to the Habsburgs in the Treaty of Senlis. It reverted to French rule in the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 and became a titular county in the peerage of France; the most notable of these peers was the future Charles X of France. Counts of Artois
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