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The word cryptex is a neologism coined by the author Dan Brown for his novel The Da Vinci Code, denoting a portable vault used to hide secret messages. It is a portmanteau of cryptology and codex, "an apt title for this device" since it uses "the science of cryptology to protect information written on the contained scroll or codex" (p. 199 of the novel) - although actually a codex is a flat book.
The (first) cryptex featured in the novel is described as a stone cylinder made up of "five doughnut-sized disks of marble [that] had been stacked and affixed to one another within a delicate brass framework"; end caps make it impossible to see inside the hollow cylinder. Each of the disks is carved with the entire alphabet, and since they can be rotated individually, the disks can be aligned to spell different five-letter words.
The cryptex works "much like a bicycle's combination lock", and if one arranges the disks to spell out the correct password, "the tumblers inside align, and the entire cylinder slides apart" (p. 200). In the inner compartment of the cryptex, secret information can be hidden, written on a scroll of thin papyrus wrapped around a fragile vial of vinegar as a security measure: if one does not know the password but tries to pry the cryptex open by force, the vial will break and the vinegar will dissolve the papyrus before it can be read. (It is not clear how effective vinegar would really be; while liquids certainly damage ancient documents, they would not necessarily render them instantly illegible. See [1] (http://germa.germsem.uni-kiel.de/gotisch/gissensis.html) for a Gothic document which was immersed in a flood.)
In the main part of Brown's novel, the characters (while pursued by various sinister agencies) are trying to access the secret to the Holy Grail by figuring out the passwords that will open two different cryptexes, one hidden within the other to provide extra security.
Even so, such a device provides poor security in the modern-day world. Modern scanning methods (e.g. ultrasound or X-rays) could be used to display the inner mechanisms of the cryptex, revealing how it must be aligned to open it. Another possibility, which never occurs to the characters of Brown's novel, would be simply to place the cryptex in a freezer so that the vinegar freezes to ice. (The freezing point of vinegar depends on the strength of the solution, but is at most 2°C below zero.) Thereafter one could smash open the cryptex without risking that the vinegar would dissolve the papyrus hidden within.
A number of readers of the best-selling novel, wishing to construct a real cryptex, have tried to come up with the blueprints for one. It is claimed in the novel that the original design came from the secret diaries of Leonardo da Vinci; whether there is any basis for this claim remains undetermined. At the site www.cryptex.org devices quite similar to the cryptexes described in the novel are offered for sale [a rare example of a novel inspiring a cottage industry]. However, the designer dropped the "self-destruct" mechanism involving the vial of vinegar, since he "felt that the practicality of this feature is questionable".
This web site was built by a computer expert for the designer of the cryptexes in question, an inventor from Tacoma, Washington: Justin Kirk Nevins. The "world's only known maker" of the cryptex, Justin Nevins hit upon a workable design for making a cryptex on March 1, 2004.
Nevins's first prototype was made from a PVC pipe purchased at Home Depot, metal from a soda can, and some printed letters. Later, he made three numbered wood-and-brass cryptexes for a friend who predicted that the invention would make Nevins well-known and prosperous. An early cryptex sold on eBay brought $220.
Nevins devised a white marble cryptex and sent to Dan Brown, the author of The Da Vinci Code. Several weeks later, the author of The Da Vinci Code thanked Nevins with a personal letter in which he called Nevins's device "ingenious" and "absolutely gorgeous." Brown later commissioned five more devices crafted to his own specifications, paying Nevins $4,000 to make them.
As of January 2005, Nevins had shipped 67 cryptexes to the Netherlands, England, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, and Sweden, charging from $340 to $1,200 per device, depending on its size and complexity. Typical cryptexes take Nevins between twelve and forty hours to make. Recently, he finished a cryptex containing a vial of vinegar, like the devices described in The Da Vinci Code that was specially ordered for $8,000 by a California businessman.
Sources
- Brown, Dan. The Da Vinci Code. Doubleday, 2003. ISBN 0385504209
- Voelpel, Dan. "Renaissance Man: Inspired by Literature, Tacoma Man Plies His Craft as a Modern-Day Da Vinci." News Tribune (Tacoma, WA), January 30, 2005.
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