P-40 Tomahawk/Kittyhawk/Warhawk
Curtiss P-40 Warhawk
Description
Role	Fighter-Bomber
Crew	1
First Flight
Entered Service
Manufacturer	Curtiss
Dimensions
Length	31 ft 9 in	9.6 m
Wingspan	37 ft 4 in	11.3 m
Height	12 ft 4 in	3.76 m
Wing Area	ft²	m²
Weights
Empty	6,300 lb	2,858 kg
Loaded	8,400 lb	3,810 kg
Maximum Takeoff	9,100 lb	4,128 kg
Capacity
Powerplant
Engines	1 Allison V-1710-33
Power	1040 hp	kW
Performance
Maximum Speed	357 mph	574 km/h
Combat Range	miles	km
Ferry Range	miles	km
Service Ceiling	29,000 ft	8,839 m
Rate of Climb	ft/min	m/min
Wing Loading	lb/ft²	kg/m²
Thrust/Weight
Power/Mass	hp/lb	kW/kg
Avionics
Avionics
Armament
Guns
Bombs
Missiles
Rockets
Other

The Curtiss P-40 was an American fighter aircraft which first flew in 1938 and played a vital role in the crucial middle stages of World War II. Developed from the pre-war radial-engined P-36 Hawk, the P-40 became known as the Tomahawk, the Kittyhawk, and finally the Warhawk in different theatres.

The first XP-40 was simply a P-36A Hawk with its Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp radial engine replaced by a supercharged Allison V-1710 engine. The liquid-cooled Allison offered no more power than the radial, but its smaller frontal area led to considerably lower drag. In April 1939 the USAAC, no doubt looking over its shoulder at the sleek new high-speed in-line engined fighters of Europe, placed the largest single fighter order it had ever made for fighters: 524 aircraft.

France ordered 140 as the Hawk 81A-1 but collapsed before they had left the factory, and the aircraft were diverted to British Commonwealth service, as the Tomahawk 1 - in some cases complete with metric instruments. Deemed unsuitable for use as a fighter in Europe, where it was thought inferior to the Spitfire, Hurricane and Bf-109, the Tomahawk was used for training and some low-level tactical reconnaissance. It proved much more valuable in the deserts of North Africa, where poor high-altitude performance mattered less and the Tomahawk's rugged airframe, relatively heavy armament, and good range was valuable. RAF No. 112 Sqn was the first to fly Tomahawks in the Western Desert, mainly for ground attack, and copied the famous shark-tooth jaw markings under the spinner, later adopted by the Flying Tigers in China, from Luftwaffe destroyer units.

Revised versions soon followed: the P-40B or Tomahawk IIA had extra 0.30 in (US) or 0.303 in (UK) (7.7 mm) machine guns in the wings and self-sealing tanks; the P-40C or Tomahawk IIB added two more guns (giving it the original two 0.5 in (12.7 mm) guns firing through the propeller and two smaller calibre guns in each wing) and improved the tanks again, but the extra weight did nothing to help the aircraft's lack-lustre performance. (Weight was always a major problem for the P-40.)

Nevertheless, it was produced in large numbers: the British Commonwealth alone took 930 aircraft, issuing them to 16 squadrons (including two South African Air Force units) and sending 23 on to serve with the Soviet air force. The Royal Australian Air Force equipped its 3 Squadron, 75 Squadron, 76 Squadron, and 120 Squadron (Netherlands East Indies) with P-40s, 75 and 76 Squadron being instrumental in the defeat of the Japanese at the Battle of Milne Bay.

14,000 P-40s were produced up to 1944 and they were used by the airforces of twenty-eight nations.

Generally outperformed by the fighters it encountered, it still gained a reputation for high durability and toughness.

P-40E
Span: 37 ft 4 in (11 m)
Length: 31 ft 9 in (10 m)
Height: 12 ft 4 in (3.75 m)
Weight: 9,100 lb (4 t) loaded
Armament: Six 0.5 in (12.7 mm) machine guns; 700 lb (300 kg) of bombs externally.
Engine: Allison V-1710 1150 hp (860 kW)
Maximum speed: 362 mph (580 km/h)
Range: 850 miles (1350 km)
Service Ceiling: 30,000 ft (9100 m)

Related content
Related Development
Similar Aircraft
Designation Series	XP-37 - P-38 - P-39 - P-40 - XP-41 - XP-42 - P-43
Related Lists	List of military aircraft of the United States - List of fighter aircraft

List of Aircraft | Aircraft Manufacturers | Aircraft Engines | Aircraft Engine Manufacturers Airlines | Air Forces | Aircraft Weapons | Missiles | Timeline of aviation

de:Curtiss P-40 fr:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk