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Desmopressin (DDAVP®, Stimate®, Minrin®) is a synthetic drug that mimics the action of antidiuretic hormone. It may be taken nasally or intravenously.
Chemistry
Desmopressin is a modified form of the hormal human vasopressin, which 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. Vasopressin is a an octapeptide (a chain of eight amino acids). In desmopressin, the first amino acid has been deaminated, and the arginine at the eighth position is in the levo rather than the normal dextro form (see stereochemistry for elaboration on the terms).
Method of action
Desmopressin binds to V2 receptor in renal collecting ducts increasing water resorption. It also stimulates release of factor VIII from platelets due to stimulation of the V1a receptor.
Desmopressin is degraded much slower than recombinant vasopressin, and requires less frequent administration. In addition, it has no influence on blood pressure, while vasopressin may cause arterial hypertension.
Uses
Desmopressin is used to reduce urine production in central diabetes insipidus patients and to promote the production von Willebrand factor and factor VIII in patients with coagulation disorders including type I von Willebrand disease, hemophilia A, and thrombocytopenia. It may also be prescribed to reduce frequent bedwetting episodes in children.
Desmopressin has also come to interest as a likely nootropic. One human trial in a double-blind study of 40 healthy volunteers using verbal and image cues showed no significant change from placebo. However, another double-blind study showed significant improvement, but only on the Buschke Selective Reminding Test of the battery of standard memory tests administered. Dose dependent studies in heathy young adult males have also been performed.
Side effects
Related topics
References
- Leissinger C, Becton D, Cornell C Jr, Cox Gill J. High-dose DDAVP intranasal spray (Stimate) for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with mild haemophilia A, mild or moderate type 1 von Willebrand disease and symptomatic carriers of haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2001;7:258-66. PMID 11380629.
- Sollertinskaya TN, Korinkina NN. "Vasopressin and Memory in Monkeys" Zhurnal Vysshey Nervnoy Deyatel'nosti im. I.P. Pavlova Vol 49 (No 2) Mar-Apr 1999
- Beckwith BE, Till RE, Reno CR, Poland RE. "Dose-dependent effects of DDAVP on memory in healthy young adult males: a preliminary study" Peptides Vol 11 (No 3) May-Jun 1990, 473-476
- Dons RF, House JF, Hood D, Krehbiel M. "Assessment of desmopressin-enhanced cognitive function in a neurosurgical patient" Mil Med 1989 Feb;154(2):83-5
- Millar K, Jeffcoate WJ, Walder CP. "Vasopressin and memory: improvement in normal short-term recall and reduction of alcohol-induced amnesia." Psychol Med 1987 May;17(2):335-41
- Guard O, Marchal G, Graule A, Dumas R, D'Athis P. "Effects of vasopressin and desmopressin on memory. A double-blind study in 40 healthy volunteers" Neuropsychobiology 1986;15(2):80-3
- Nebes RD, Reynolds CF 3d, Horn LC. "The effect of vasopressin on memory in the healthy elderly" Psychiatry Res 1984 Jan;11(1):49-59
- Beckwith BE, Till RE, Schneider V. "Vasopressin analog (DDAVP) improves memory in human males" Peptides 1984 Jul-Aug;5(4):819-22
- Beckwith BE, Couk DI, Till TS. "Vasopressin analog influences the performance of males on a reaction time task" Peptides 1983 Sep-Oct;4(5):707-9
- Laczi F, Valkusz Z, Laszlo FA, Wagner A, Jardanhazy T, Szasz A, Szilard J, Telegdy G. "Effects of lysine-vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin on memory in healthy individuals and diabetes insipidus patients." Psychoneuroendocrinology 1982;7(2-3):185-93
- Weingartner H, Gold P, Ballenger JC, Smallberg SA, Summers R, Rubinow DR, Post RM, Goodwin FK. "Effects of vasopressin on human memory functions" Science 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):601-3
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