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The Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies. It was founded in 1800 to study the civilization of Ho Chi Minh City (then Saigon) in what was then French Indochina. Its headquarters are now in Paris. Its main fields of research are archaeology and the study of modern Asian societies.
EFEO romanization system
During the 19th century, a romanization system for Mandarin was developed by the EFEO. It shares a few similarities with Wade-Giles and Hanyu Pinyin. In modern times, it has been superseded by Hanyu Pinyin.
The differences between the three romanization systems are shown in the following table:
| IPA
| EFEO
| WG
| Pinyin
|
| p
| p
| p
| b
|
| pʰ
| p'
| p'
| p
|
| t
| t
| t
| d
|
| tʰ
| t'
| t'
| t
|
| k
| k
| k
| g
|
| kʰ
| k'
| k'
| k
|
| ts
| ts
| ts
| z
|
| tsʰ
| ts'
| ts'
| c
|
| tʂ
| tch
| ch
| zh
|
| tʂʰ
| tch'
| ch'
| ch
|
| tɕ
| k/ts
| ch
| j
|
| tɕʰ
| k'/ts'
| ch'
| q
|
| ɕ
| s/h
| hs
| x
|
| w
| ou/w
| w
| w
|
| j
| i/y
| y
| y
|
| ɤ
| ö/é
| o/ê
| e
|
| ər
| eul
| êrh
| er
|
| z̩
| eu
| û
| i
|
| i
| e
| ih
| i
|
| y
| u
| ü
| ü/u
|
| u
| ou
| u
| u
|
| ən
| en
| ên
| en
|
| ɤŋ
| eng
| êng
| eng
|
| iɛ
| ie
| ieh
| ie
|
| iɤʊ
| ieou/iou
| iu
| iu
|
| iɛn
| ien
| ien
| ian
|
| uo
| ouo
| o/uo
| o/uo
|
| uaɪ
| ouai
| uai
| uai
|
| ueɪ
| ouei
| ui
| ui
|
| uan
| ouan
| uan
| uan
|
| uən
| ouen
| un
| un
|
| yɛ
| iue
| üeh
| üe/ue
|
| yɛn
| iuen
| üan
| üan/uan
|
| yn
| iun
| ün
| ün/un
|
| yʊŋ
| ioung
| iung
| iong
|
External links
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