The title of Earl of Balfour was created in 1922 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom for Arthur Balfour, the former Conservative prime minister. Through a special patent, it descended to his brother, and then in 2003 to descendants of another brother.

The Earl holds the subsidiary title of Viscount Traprain (1922).

Earls of Balfour (1922)

• Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour (1848-1930)
• Gerald William Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour (1853-1945)
• Robert Arthur Lytton Balfour, 3rd Earl of Balfour (1902-1968)
• Gerald Arthur James Balfour, 4th Earl of Balfour (1925-2003)
• Roderick Francis Arthur Balfour, 5th Earl of Balfour (b. 1948)