Electrophilic_addition Electrophilic_addition

Electrophilic addition - Definition and Overview

Most addition reactions to alkenes follow the mechanism of electrophilic addition.

  1. Halogenation: Addition of elementary bromine or chlorine to alkenes yield vicinal Dibromo- and dichloroalkenes, respectively. The decoloration of a solution of bromine in water is an analytical test for the presence of alkenes:
    CH2=CH2 + Br2 → BrCH2-CH2Br
  2. Hydrohalogenation: Addition of hydrohalic acids like HCl or HBr to alkenes yield the corresponding haloalkanes.
    CH3-CH=CH2 + HBr → CH3-CHBr-CH3
    If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with less hydrogen substituents (Markovnikov's rule).

Example Usage of Electrophilic
everyword: Electrophilic
CHEM233UBC: Acid cat. is necessary for amide hydrolysis since amides aren't that Electrophilic (resonance). The heat doesn't change pH much.
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