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Environmental determinism is the view that the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture. Those who believe this view say that humans are strictly defined by stimulus-response (environment-behavior) and cannot deviate. Modern scholars have largely dismissed this view as racist and overly simplistic.
Carl Ritter, Ellen Churchill Semple, Ellsworth Huntington, and Thomas Griffith Taylor prominent environmental determinists. Friedrich Ratzel was mistakenly viewed as deterministic by many of his students.
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