Grammatical cases
List of grammatical cases
Abessive case
Ablative case
Absolutive case
Adessive case
Allative case
Causal case
Causal-final case
Comitative case
Dative case
Dedative case
Delative case
Disjunctive case
Distributive case
Distributive-temporal case
Elative case
Essive case
Essive-formal case
Essive-modal case
Excessive case
Final case
Formal case
Genitive case
Illative case
Inessive case
Instructive case
Instrumental case
Lative case
Locative case
Modal case
Multiplicative case
Oblique case
Objective case
Partitive case
Possessive case
Postpositional case
Prepositional case
Prolative case
Prosecutive case
Separative case
Sociative case
Sublative case
Superessive case
Temporal case
Terminative case
Translative case
Vialis case
Vocative case
Morphosyntactic alignment
Absolutive case
Accusative case
Ergative case
Instrumental case
Instrumental-comitative case
Intransitive case
Nominative case
Declension
Declension in English
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The essive or similaris case carries the meaning of a temporary state of being, often equivalent to the English "as a...".

In the Finnish language, this case is marked by adding "-na/-nä" to the genitive stem of the noun, but with strong consonant gradation. Example: "lapsi" -> "child", "lapsena" -> "as a child", "when (I) was a child".

In Finnish, it is also used for specifying times, days and dates when something happens. For example: "maanantaina" -> "on Monday", "kuudentena joulukuuta" -> "on the 6th of December". Some expressions use the essive in the ancient locative meaning, e.g. "at home" is "kotona". Observe the similarity to English "at home/in my home":

• Luen lehtiä kotona. "I read newspapers at home." If you use the inessive, kodissani, you contrast to reading them in the garage (a physical location) instead.
• Kodissani tehdään remonttia. "In my home, a renovation is underway."

es:Caso esivo fi:essiivi fr:Essif