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Extirpation is the localized extinction of a species. This can be due to over-hunting, human development, climate change, or competition from introduced species. It is especially common on islands where only a small and therefore vulnerable, population may exist. Sometimes species are reintroduced to an area from which they were extripated, although this may cause controversy as during the reintroducution of wolves to Yellowstone National Park. In other instances, species return to an area on their own, as their range expands or their population recoves from some pressure, as seen in the return of wolves to the state of Michigan.
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