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FLEC (Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda) is a liberation movement in Cabinda, Angola.
The FLEC acted in the region that were the old kingdoms of Kakongo, Loango and N'Goyo. In February 1885 at Simulambuco was signed (February 1, 1885) a treaty establishing Cabinda as a Portuguese protectorate. A monument was built later; sort of a padroe but much higher.
The FLEC was founded in 1963 from the union of three nationalist movements: MLEC (Movemento de Liberaçao do Enclave of Cabinda.), CAUNC (Comite d'acçao do Union Nacional Cabindesa) and ALLIAMA (Aliança Nacional do El Mayombe). Mayombe is a mount between Cabinda and Congo
ontaña entre Cabinda y la República del Congo. MLEC flag was yellow with a seal in the center showing the Mayombe. Leader of the united group was Luiz Ranque Franque, who refused to join other Angolan independence movements. The new flag was horizontal red, yellow and blue, one color for each of the groups. The new emblem (a white star and a green triangle within a ring) was added in the center.
In 1975 FLEC constituted a provisional government led by Enriquez Tiago that proclaimed independence August 1, 1975. Luiz Ranque was the president. MPLA, with help of Cuban volunteers, gained control of the region (November 1975-January 4, 1976). After its defeat the movement broke into three factions:
- FLEC-Ranque Franque
- FLEC-N'Zita, led by Enriquez Tiago N'Zita
- FLEC-Lubota, led by Francisco Xavier Lubota
In November 1977 was created another faction:
- Military Command for the Liberation of Cabinda
In June 1979 was created by Armed Forces for the Liberation of Cabinda another movement:
- Popular Movement for the Liberation of Cabinda (Movimento Popular de Libertaçăo de Cabinda - MPLC)
In 1980s FLEC received help from UNITA and South Africa.
In 1990s born two more groups:
- National Union for the Liberation of Cabinda (Uniăo Nacional de Libertaçăo de Cabinda - UNLC), led by Lumingu Luis Gimby
- Communist Committee of Cabinda (Comité Communista de Cabinda - CCC), led by Kaya Mohamed Yay,
Original FLEC was reagrupated in 1990s, and two factions were created:
- FLEC-Renovada. Their flag was white with a central stripe divided into three colors: green, yellow and black; in the center of the flag is a red ring.
- FLEC-Armed Forces of Cabinda (Forças Armadas do Cabinda - FLEC-FAC). The flag is the original red, yellow, and blue, with emblem.
Another force born in Netherlands in 1996:
In 1996 a new group was created, in the Netherlands:
- FLEC, Frente de Libertacao do Estado de Cabinda" (Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda). This group adopted a flag blue, yellow and black with the Silambuco monument in the center.
In April 1996 was signed a ceasefire between FLEC-renovada and Angola government. Other groups joined later the ceasefire.
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