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Fieldwork refers to scientific activity conducted in the "field", outside the laboratory, of subject matter in an as-found state, by anthropologists, geologists, botanists, archaeologists or others who study the natural or human world. For instance, archaeological fieldwork may involve surveying, excavations, and mapping. In contrast, when not in the "field", archaeologists will perform library research, laboratory analysis, discussion, and documentation.
Fieldwork can also refer to the scientific collection of physical samples or data from an experimental field site, where various environmental factors or variables are controlled or altered to produce experimental treatments.
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