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A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration. This is not a common configuration, but some brands of automobile have favoured such engines and it is a common configuration for smaller aircraft engines such as made by Lycoming.
Volkswagen used the flat-4 extensively in their early days, in the VW Beetle and most early VW designs. Porsche also used almost the VW engine in the early Porsche 356. This engine was replaced by a Porsche designed Flat-4 in the late 356s and the 912. The 914 that replaced the 912 was built in partnership with VW using a VW engine.
Citroën used a flat-4 on the GS and GSA.
Subaru also produces water-cooled flat-4 engines that are confusingly marketed as H-4, by which they mean Horizontal rather than the H cross-section normally meant by H engine.
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