Forests - Definition and Overview

This article is about forests as a massing of trees. For other uses of the word, see Forest (disambiguation).

A dense growth of softwoods (a forest) in the Sierra Nevada Range of Northern California

A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, an area set aside for hunting). Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree-line, except where rainfall is too low, or natural fire frequency too high. Forests generally contain a large number of different tree species growing to different heights, combined with an understory, which makes efficient use of sunlight. A forest in its natural form is home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to most other biomes.

In ecological terms, a forest may be differentiated from a woodland: a forest is considered to have a more or less closed canopy, where the branches and foliage of trees meet or interlock; a woodland is considered to have an open canopy, where some sunlight penetrates between the trees (see also: savanna).

Numerous types of forests exist. Among the ecological types are:

• rain forest (tropical and temperate)
• taiga
• temperate hardwood forest
• tropical dry forest

The science of studying and managing forests, with a goal of sustainable extraction, is called forestry. Ecologists study forests.

See also

• List of forests
• Forest engineering
• Forests in the United Kingdom
• Forests of Sweden
• Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
• Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
• Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
• Temperate coniferous forests
• Rainforest
• Jungle (terrain)
• prescribed burn
• shifting cultivation
• deforestation
• reforestation
• logging
• Illegal logging
• Ecological succession
• Royal forest