- This article or section should be merged with Battle of Fort Henry
Fort Henry was an important Confederate stronghold in Tennessee, during the American Civil War. It was taken over, along with neighboring Fort Donelson, by Union forces, commanded by Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant.
Fort Henry
Location: Stewart County and Henry County, Tennessee, and Calloway County, Kentucky
Campaign: Federal Penetration up the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers (1862)
Date(s): February 6, 1862
Principal Commanders: Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Flag-Officer A.H. Foote [US]; Brig. Gen. Lloyd Tilghman [CS]
Forces Engaged: District of Cairo [US]; Fort Henry Garrison [CS]
Estimated Casualties: 119 total (US 40; CS 79)
Description: By February 1862, Fort Henry, a Confederate earthen fort on the Tennessee River with outdated guns, was partially inundated and the river threatened to flood the rest. On February 4-5, Brig. Gen. U.S. Grant landed his divisions in two different locations, one on the east bank of the Tennessee River to prevent the garrisons escape and the other to occupy the high ground on the Kentucky side which would insure the forts fall; Flag-Officer Andrew H. Footes seven gunboats began bombarding the fort. Brig. Gen. Lloyd Tilghman, commander of the forts garrison, realized that it was only a matter of time before Fort Henry fell. While leaving artillery in the fort to hold off the Union fleet, he escorted the rest of his force out of the area and sent them safely off on the route to Fort Donelson, 10 miles away. Tilghman then returned to the fort and, soon afterwards, surrendered to the fleet, which had engaged the fort and closed within 400 yards. Fort Henrys fall opened the Tennessee River to Union gunboats and shipping as far as Muscle Shoals, Alabama. After the fall of Fort Donelson, ten days later, the two major water transportation routes in the Confederate west, bounded by the Appalachians and the Mississippi River, became Union highways for movement of troops and material.
Result(s): Union victory
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