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Location:
Western, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Geographic coordinates:
10 00 S, 76 00 W
Map references:
South America
Area:
total:
1,285,220 km²
land:
1.28 million km²
water:
5,220 km²
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Alaska
Land boundaries:
total:
5,536 km
border countries:
Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Coastline:
2,414 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200 nautical miles (370 km)
territorial sea:
200 nautical miles (370 km)
Climate:
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Terrain:
western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Elevation extremes:
lowest point:
Bayovar Depression -34 m
highest point:
Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Natural resources:
copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower
Land use:
arable land:
3%
permanent crops:
0%
permanent pastures:
21%
forests and woodland:
66%
other:
10% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land:
12,800 km² (1993 est.)
Natural hazards:
earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Environment - current issues:
deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Antarctic Treaty, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note:
shares control of Lake Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia
Peru is divided into 26 regions (capitals in parentheses):
See also: Peru
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