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Gregorian Reform is generally considered named after Pope Gregory VII, who personally denied this, and claimed it was named after Gregory the Great.
Although it was presented as a return to the old ways, it is often seen as the first European Revolution. The reformers were committed to Rome, but a Rome that went back to St Peter. They wanted a restoration of the 'right ways'.
The Pope was to be the absolute head of the church. This was a unique, universalist idea of the church. He was to be judged by no one, and the Roman Church had never been and would never be wrong. The Pope was given authority to depose Emperors. It is also closely linked with the Investiture Controversy.
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