Henry Midleton (September 28, 1770 – June 14, 1846 was an American planter and political leader from Charleston, South Carolina. He was Governor of South Carolina (1810-1812), represented South Carolina in the U. S. Congress (1815-1819), and served as Minister to Russia (1820-1830).
His father (Arthur Middleton) and his grandfather (Henry Middleton) had both served in the Continental Congress.