Hua Mulan (花木蘭 hua1 mu4 lan2) is the heroine who joined an all-male army described in a famous Chinese non-fictional poem written during the period of the Northern Dynasties (420-589) and first collected in Yuefu, the Song Dynasty (960-1279) anthology of lyrics, songs, and poems.

Overview

In the story, Mu-Lan disguises herself as a man to take her father's place in the Army. She distinguishes herself as a soldier and is offered a government post by the emperor himself. She turns down the position to return to her family. Later, when her former comrades visit her at home, they are shocked to see her dressed as a woman.

Another myth had Mulan requested repeatedly by messengers to be a concubine for the second Sui Dynasty Emperor, after he found out his prized general was a woman. She refused and committed suicide, afterwards. The Emperor then held a funeral with honors for Hua Mulan.

The story was expanded into a novel during the late Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). In 1998, Disney released an animated movie entitled Mulan loosely based on the story.

Name

The word "mulan" means "magnolia." ("Mu" by itself means "wood" and "Lan" means "orchid.") The heroine of the poem is given many different family names in the various versions of her story. According to Annals of the Ming, her family name is Zhu, while the Annals of the Qing say it is Wei. The Ballad of Mulan gives her family name to be Mu. Xu Wei offers yet another alternative when, in his play, he gives her the family name Hua (meaning "flower"). This latter name has become the most popular in recent years. Her complete name is then written "Hua Mulan" in pinyin and "Hua Mu-lan" Wade-Giles.

External links

• The poem in Chinese calligraphy by Mi Fei (http://www.chinapage.com/mulan.html)
• The poem in printed Chinese, with hyperlinks to definitions and etymologies (http://zhongwen.com/mulan.htm)