Jack-o'-lanterns may be carved with a friendly face, above, a menacing sawtooth scowl, or any look in between. A candle lights the squash from the interior.

A jack-o'-lantern is a pumpkin whose top and stem have been carved off and inner membranes and seeds scooped out to leave a hollow shell. Sections of a side are carved out to make a design, usually a face. It is possible, using thicker and thinner sections cut with differing tools, to create surprisingly detailed and realistic designs. A light source (traditionally a candle) is placed inside the pumpkin and the top is put back into place (often after a "chimney" is carved in the lid in order to allow heat to escape). The light illuminates the design from the inside. The practice of carving jack-o'-lanterns began in Ireland. Jack-o'-lanterns are generally made for Halloween, and were originally made from large turnips, beets and rutabagas, before the introduction of the pumpkin from the Americas.

A jack-o'-lantern in the dark with a candle.

The practice of carving jack-o'-lantern goes back to the Irish legend of Jack, a lazy but shrewd farmer who tricked the Devil into a tree, then refused to let the Devil down unless the Devil agreed to never let Jack into Hell. The Devil agreed. When Jack died, he was too sinful to be allowed into Heaven, but the Devil wouldn't let him into Hell. So, Jack carved out one of his turnips, put a candle inside it, and began endlessly wandering the Earth for a resting place. He was known as Jack of the Lantern, or Jack-O'-Lantern.

See also

• Halloween

External links

• History, patterns, tools: http://www.jackolantern.com
• Byroads magazine jack-o-lantern patterns (http://byroads.com/magazine/pumpkins/carving.html)
• Pumpkin carving templates (http://www.ehow.com/halloween/templates.html)
• Designs and carving tips: http://www.ExtremePumpkins.com (Warning: some graphic material)
• History Channel Exhibits: The History of Halloween (http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/halloween/pumpkin.html)
• How to carve a pumpkin (http://www.ehow.com/how_3983_carve-pumpkin.html)

For the mushroom Omphalotus olearius, please see Jack O'Lantern (mushroom).