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The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Moscow region, Russia is an international research centre for nuclear sciences, involving around 1000 scientists from eighteen states (mostly former Communist nations).
Currently the institute has seven laboratories, each with its own specialisation - theoretical physics, high energy physics, elementary particle and heavy ion physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear reactions, neutron physics, and information technology. The institute also has a division to study radiation and radiobiological research and other ad hoc experimental physics experiments.
Principal reseach instruments include a nuclotron super-conducting accelerator (7 GeV), three isochronous cyclotrons (120, 145, 650 MeV), a phasotron (680 MeV) and a synchrophasotron (4 GeV). The site also has a neutron fast pulsed reactor (1500 MW pulse) with nineteen associated instruments receiving neutron beams.
The institute was established on March 26, 1956. Although the first research instrument was built at Dubna in 1947, it was not until the creation of CERN in 1954 that a countervailing group for Communist bloc nations was created - JINR.
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