Russian Kuban Cossacks (Кубанские козака, Kubanskie Kozaki) were cossacks that settled in the region around the Kuban River protected the southern borders of the Russian Empire.

The Kuban Cossack Host (Kuban Cossack Voisko, Кубанское казачье войско) was formed in 1860 from Black Sea Cossack Host and part of Caucasus Battle Cossack Host (Кавказское линейное казачье войско). Its administrative center was Ekaterinodar.

It fought in several wars including the First World War. In 1920, shortly after the October Revolution, the Kuban Cossack Host ceased to exist.