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| Led Zeppelin's officially-untitled fourth album
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| Released
| November 8, 1971
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| Recorded
| December, 1970 - August, 1971 at
Headley Grange, Hampshire, with The Rolling Stones Mobile Studio;
Island Studios, London;
Sunset Sound, Los Angeles.
Mixed at Island Studios, London;
Olympic Studios, London.
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| Producer
| Jimmy Page
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| Genre
| Hard rock
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| Length
| 42 min 38 s
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| Record label
| Atlantic Records
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| Catalogue
| (US) Atlantic SD 7208
(UK) Atlantic 2401 002
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| Professional reviews
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| Q review
| 5/5
| July 1994 (http://www.q4music.com/nav?page=q4music.review.redirect&fixture_review=121171&resource=124581&fixture_artist=144739) (remastered version)
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| Robert Christgau
| Grade: A
| link (http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Led+Zeppelin)
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| Rolling Stone
| Favourable
| December 11, 1971 p. 63 (http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/cd/review.asp?aid=26979&cf=)
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| New Musical Express
| 9/10
| October 2, 1992 p. 29 (http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=60148746&loc=109&PageFormat=7)
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| Allmusic.com
| 5/5
| link (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&uid=UIDSUB040402061702081566&sql=Anl508qbtbtv4)
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| Led Zeppelin Chronology
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Led Zeppelin III
(1970)
| Untitled
(1971)
| Houses of the Holy
(1973)
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The fourth album released by the British blues/rock band Led Zeppelin is variously referred to as "Four Symbols", "Runes", "Sticks", "Zoso" (after the approximate shape of the symbols used as a title), "IV", or even "untitled." Indeed it has no official title. After using Roman numeration for their second and third albums, the band members specifically did not wish the next album release to be called Led Zeppelin IV. The original pressing did not have a readable title or the name Led Zeppelin anywhere on the outside, instead featuring four hand-drawn symbols (one designed by and representing each band member). These symbols inspired the various informal names used for the album. However, in subsequent press interviews since the album's release, both Jimmy Page and Robert Plant have referred to the album as "Four Symbols".
The album remains a perennial favorite on classic rock radio, and features "Stairway to Heaven", widely recognized as one of the greatest rock music songs ever recorded.
Released on November 8, 1971 by Atlantic Records
Track Listing
- "Black Dog" (Page/Plant/Jones) - 4:54
- "Rock and Roll" (Page/Plant/Jones/Bonham) - 3:40
- "The Battle of Evermore" (Page/Plant) - 5:51
- "Stairway to Heaven" (Page/Plant) - 8:00
- "Misty Mountain Hop" (Page/Plant/Jones) - 4:38
- "Four Sticks" (Page/Plant) - 4:44
- "Going to California" (Page/Plant) - 3:31
- "When the Levee Breaks" (Page/Plant/Jones/Bonham/Minnie) - 7:07
Personnel
- Jimmy Page - Acoustic guitar, electric guitar, producer, remastering, digital remastering
- Robert Plant - Vocals, harmonica
- John Paul Jones - Synthesizer, bass guitar, keyboards
- John Bonham - Drums
- Ian Stewart - Piano (Track 2)
- Sandy Denny - Vocals (Track 3)
- Peter Grant - Executive producer
- George Chkiantz - Mixing
- Andy Johns - Engineer, mixing
- George Marino - Digital remastering
- Graphreaks - Design coordinator
- Barrington Colby Mom - Inside illustration - The Hermit
Chart positions
Billboard Music Charts (North America) - album
1971 Led Zeppelin IV The Billboard 200 No. 2
Billboard (North America) - singles
1972 Black Dog Pop Singles No. 15
1972 Rock and Roll Pop Singles No. 47
Additional notes
- Despite the immense popularity of "Stairway to Heaven", which received heavy AOR radio rotation in the early 1970s, and remains one of the most popular rock songs of all time, the song was never officially released as a single and thus it was never seen on the Billboard charts.
- Although the symbols that form its title (and the album itself) are sometimes referred to as "Runes", only two of the middle symbols (for John Paul Jones and John Bonham) are in fact runes. The symbols for Robert Plant, Maàt's feather of Truth encapsulated by an unbroken circle representing life, and Jimmy Page, a stylised Capricorn ruled by Saturn, are called sigla. Although looking almost like the word "Zoso" it is not intended to be written or pronounced as such. Page's symbol is remarkably similar to other sigils of hermetist J. Cardan and magician Austin Osman Spare found in: Gettings, Fred (1982) Dictionary of Occult, Hermetic and Alchemical Sigils, ISBN 0-7100-0095-2.
- In 1998 Q magazine readers voted Four Symbols the 26th greatest album of all time.
External Links
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