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This is a list of Jewish American scientists.
This page is part of the List of Jewish Americans series.
Physicists
- Ralph Alpher, background radiation
- John Bahcall, astrophysicist
- Hans Bethe, nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize (1967) (Jewish mother)
- Felix Bloch, nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize (1952)
- David Bohm, quantum physicist, philosopher of science
- Leon Cooper, BCS theory, Nobel Prize (1972)
- Martin Deutsch, positronium
- Bryce DeWitt, "many-worlds" interpretation
- Albert Einstein, theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize (1921)
- Richard Feynman, quantum physicist, Nobel Prize (1965)
- David Finkelstein, physicist
- James Franck, physicist, Nobel Prize (1925)
- Edward Fredkin, digital physicist
- Herbert Friedman, solar X-rays
- Jerome Friedman, physicist, Nobel Prize (1990)
- Margaret Geller, astronomer
- Murray Gell-Mann, quarks, Nobel Prize (1969)
- Sheldon Glashow, physicist, Nobel Prize (1979)
- Donald A. Glaser, bubble chamber, Nobel Prize (1960)
- Thomas Gold, cosmologist (Jewish father)
- Daniel S. Goldin, NASA administrator
- Samuel Goudsmit, electron spin
- David Gross, string theorist, Nobel Prize (2004)
- Alan Guth, cosmic inflation
- Robert Hofstadter, physicist, Nobel Prize (1961)
- Theodore von Kármán, aeronautical engineer
- Daniel Kleppner, atomic research
- Leon M. Lederman, physicist, Nobel Prize (1988)
- David Morris Lee, superfluidity, Nobel Prize (1996)
- Albert Libchaber, chaos theorist
- Fritz London, quantum chemistry
- Theodore Maiman, first operable laser
- Ben Roy Mottelson, physicist, Nobel Prize (1975)
- Albert Michelson, speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907)
- Robert Oppenheimer, nuclear physicist
- Douglas D. Osheroff, superfluidity, Nobel Prize (1996)
- Abraham Pais, historian of science
- Wolfgang Pauli, nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize (1945) (Jewish father, half-Jewish mother)
- Arno Allan Penzias, background radiation, Nobel Prize (1978)
- Martin Lewis Perl, physicist, Nobel Prize (1995)
- H. David Politzer, physicist, Nobel Prize (2004)
- Isidor Isaac Rabi, physicist, Nobel Prize (1944)
- Simon Ramo, physicist, engineer
- Frederick Reines, neutrino experiment, Nobel Prize (1995)
- Burton Richter, physicist, Nobel Prize (1976)
- Carl Sagan, astronomer & science popularizer
- Edwin Salpeter, astronomer
- Arthur Schawlow, laser spectroscopy, Nobel Prize (1981) (Jewish father)
- John Schwarz, string theorist
- Melvin Schwartz, physicist, Nobel Prize (1988)
- Emilio G. Segrè, anti-proton, Nobel Prize (1959)
- Julian Schwinger, quantum physicist, Nobel Prize (1965)
- Lee Smolin, loop quantum gravity
- Gerald Soffen, NASA scientist
- Alan Sokal, Sokal affair
- Jack Steinberger, physicist, Nobel Prize (1988)
- Otto Stern, physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)
- Andrew Strominger, string theory
- Leonard Susskind, string theory
- Leo Szilard, nuclear physicist
- Edward Teller, nuclear physicist
- Immanuel Velikovsky, controversial writer on cosmology
- Steven Weinberg, electroweak force, Nobel Prize (1979)
- Stephen Wiesner, quantum cryptography
- Victor Weisskopf, physcist
- Eugene Wigner, quantum physicist, Nobel Prize (1963)
- George Zweig, quarks
Chemists
- Christian B. Anfinsen, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1972) (converted)
- Sidney Altman, chemist, Nobel Prize (1989)
- Paul Berg, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1980)
- R. Stephen Berry, physical chemist
- Herbert C. Brown, chemist, Nobel Prize (1979)
- Melvin Calvin, calvin cycle, Nobel Prize (1961)
- Erwin Chargaff, DNA pioneer
- Morris Cohen, metallurgist
- Camille & Henry Dreyfus, cellulose acetate, founders of Celanese
- Kasimir Fajans, isotopes, identified protactinium
- Walter Gilbert, DNA sequencing, Nobel Prize (1980)
- Henry Gilman, organometallic chemist
- Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, geochemist
- Norman Hackerman, chemist
- Herbert A. Hauptman, chemist, Nobel Prize (1985)
- Alan J Heeger, chemist, Nobel Prize (2000)
- Roald Hoffmann, chemist & writer, Nobel Prize (1981)
- Martin Kamen, Carbon 14
- Jerome Karle, chemist, Nobel Prize (1985)
- Martin Karplus, theoretical chemist
- Walter Kohn, physicist, Nobel Prize (1998)
- Izaak Kolthoff, analytical chemist
- Phoebus Levene, nucleic acid pioneer
- Rudolph A. Marcus, chemist, Nobel Prize (1992)
- Jacob A. Marinsky, discovered promethium
- Herman Mark, polymers (half Jewish)
- George Olah, chemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
- Irwin Rose, biologist, Nobel Prize (2004)
- William Stein, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1972)
Biologists & Physicians
- Richard Axel, olfactory system, Nobel Prize (2004)
- Julius Axelrod, neurotransmitters, Nobel Prize (1970)
- David Baltimore, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975)
- Baruj Benacerraf, immunologist, Nobel Prize (1980)
- Konrad Bloch, cholesterol, Nobel Prize (1959)
- Baruch Blumberg, hepatitis B vaccine, Nobel Prize (1976)
- Michael S. Brown, molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize (1985)
- Stanley Cohen, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
- Stanley N. Cohen, genetic engineering
- Gerty Cori, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1947)
- Jared Diamond, evolutionary biologist & biogeographer
- Carl Djerassi, contraceptive pill
- Gerald Edelman, biologist, Nobel Prize (1972)
- Gertrude Elion, drug development, Nobel Prize (1988)
- Joseph Erlanger, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1945)
- Edmond H. Fischer, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1992) (half Jewish)
- Judah Folkman, cancer angiogenesis
- Casimir Funk, vitamins
- Robert F. Furchgott, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1998)
- Herbert Gasser, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1945) (half Jewish)
- Alfred G. Gilman, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
- Avram Goldstein, opiate receptors
- Joseph L. Goldstein, molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize (1985)
- Michael Gottlieb, Joel Weisman, early identifiers of AIDS
- Paul Greengard, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (1990)
- Stephen Jay Gould, evolutionary biologist & writer
- Michael Heidelberger, immunochemist
- H. Robert Horvitz, biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
- Jerome Horwitz, AZT
- Eric R. Kandel, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (2000)
- Carl Koller, local anesthesia
- Arthur Kornberg, DNA replication, Nobel Prize (1959)
- Eric Lander, Human Genome Project
- Joshua & Esther Lederberg, molecular biologists, Nobel Prize (1958)
- Rita Levi-Montalcini, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
- Jay Levy, AIDS researcher
- Richard Lewontin, evolutionary biologist
- Fritz Lipmann, coenzyme A, Nobel Prize (1953)
- Otto Loewi, acetylcholine, Nobel Prize (1936)
- Salvador Luria, bacterial evolution, Nobel Prize (1969)
- Lynn Margulis, Gaia theory
- Matthew Messelson, DNA replication
- Otto Meyerhof, glycolysis, Nobel Prize (1922)
- Stanley Miller, Miller-Urey experiment
- Irving Millman, viral hepatitis vaccine
- Hermann Muller, geneticist, Nobel Prize (1946) (half Jewish)
- Daniel Nathans, microbiologist, Nobel Prize (1978)
- Marshall Nirenberg, genetic code, Nobel Prize (1968)
- Gregory Pincus, contraceptive pill
- Stanley Prusiner, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1997)
- Martin Rodbell, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
- Albert Sabin, oral polio vaccine
- Jonas Salk, polio vaccine
- Andrew V. Schally, endocrinologist, Nobel Prize (1977)
- Albert Schatz, streptomycin
- Béla Schick, diphtheria test
- Rudolf Schoenheimer, radioactive tracers
- Solomon H. Snyder, opiate receptors
- Adolphus Solomons, co-founder of the American Red Cross
- Leo Sternbach, valium
- Howard Temin, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975)
- Max Tishler, synthetic vitamins
- Harold Varmus, virologist, Nobel Prize (1989)
- George Wald, retina pigmentation, Nobel Prize (1967)
- Selman Waksman, streptomycin, Nobel Prize (1952)
- Charles Weissmann, interferon cloning
- Rosalyn Yalow, medical physicist, Nobel Prize (1977)
- Charles Yanofsky, geneticist
Mathematicians
- Kenneth Appel, four-color problem
- Richard Bellman, dynamic programming (half Jewish)
- Salomon Bochner, harmonic analysis
- Raoul Bott, geometry (half Jewish)
- Richard Brauer, modular representation theory
- Eugenio Calabi, differential geometry
- Paul Cohen, set theorist, Fields Medal (1966)
- Richard Courant, algebraic topology
- George Dantzig, simplex algorithm
- Martin Davis, mathematician
- Persi Diaconis, statistician
- Jesse Douglas, mathematician, Fields Medal (1936)
- Samuel Eilenberg, category theorist
- Noam Elkies, mathematician
- Charles Fefferman, mathematician, Fields Medal (1978)
- Mitchell Feigenbaum, chaos theorist
- William Feller, probability theory
- Michael Freedman, mathematician, Fields Medal (1986) (half Jewish)
- Solomon Golomb, polyominoes
- Paul Halmos, mathematician
- Mark Kac, mathematician
- Edward Kasner, mathematician
- Martin Kruskal, mathematician
- Peter Lax, mathematician
- Solomon Lefschetz, algebraic topology
- Norman Levinson, mathematician
- Barry Mazur, mathematician
- Louis Mordell, number theorist
- Emil Post, logician
- Herbert Robbins, statistician
- Abraham Robinson, nonstandard analysis
- Isadore Singer, mathematician, Abel Prize (2004)
- Richard P. Stanley, mathematician
- Elias Stein, mathematician
- Alfred Tarski, logician
- Stanislaw Ulam, mathematician
- André Weil, mathematician
- Edward Witten, M-theory, Fields Medal (1990)
- Oscar Zariski, algebraic geometry
Computer Scientists
- Hal Abelson, artificial intelligence
- Norman Abramson, ALOHAnet
- Len Adleman, RSA cryptography, DNA computing, Turing Award (2002)
- Paul Baran, packet switching
- Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, machine translation
- Dan Bernstein, cryptologist (unconfirmed)
- Manuel Blum, computational complexity, Turing Award (1995)
- Gregory Chaitin, algorithmic information theory
- Peter Elias, information theory
- Robert Fano, information theory
- Edward Feigenbaum, artificial intelligence, Turing Award (1994)
- William F. Friedman, cryptologist
- David Gelernter, parallel computation, Unabomber victim
- Adele Goldberg, Smalltalk design team
- Herman & Adele Goldstine, developers of ENIAC
- Shafi Goldwasser, cryptographer
- Martin Hellman, public key cryptography
- Douglas Hofstadter, academic & author (half Jewish)
- Bob Kahn, TCP/IP
- Richard Karp, computational complexity, Turing Award (1985)
- John Kemeny, BASIC
- Leonard Kleinrock, packet switching
- Joseph Kruskal, Kruskal's algorithm
- Solomon Kullback, cryptographer
- Raymond Kurzweil, OCR, speech recognition
- Leslie Lamport, LaTeX
- Jaron Lanier, virtual reality
- Douglas Lenat, artificial intelligence
- Leonid Levin, computational complexity
- John McCarthy, LISP, Turing Award (1971) (Jewish mother)
- Marvin Minsky, artificial intelligence, neural nets, Turing Award (1969)
- John von Neumann, computer scientist, mathematician & economist
- David Parnas, software engineering
- Seymour Papert, LOGO
- Ken Perlin, fractal noise
- Alan J. Perlis, compilers, Turing Award (1966)
- Lawrence Rabiner, digital signal processing
- Frank Rosenblatt, perceptrons
- Jean E. Sammet, language design
- Bruce Schneier, cryptographer
- Herbert Simon, cognitive & computer scientist, Turing Award (1975)
- Abraham Sinkov, cryptanalyst
- Gustave Solomon, error correction
- Ray Solomonoff, algorithmic information theory
- Richard Stallman, GNU, FSF
- Gerald Jay Sussman, Scheme
- Leslie Valiant, parallel computing
- Andrew Viterbi, Viterbi algorithm
- Peter J. Weinberger, awk
- Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA, artifical intelligence critic
- Avi Wigderson, randomized algorithms
- Norbert Wiener, cybernetics
- Terry Winograd, SHRDLU
- Jacob Wolfowitz, information theory
- Lotfi Zadeh, fuzzy logic (half Jewish)
Inventors
- Robert Adler, remote control
- Zora Arkus-Duntov, father of the Corvette
- Ralph Baer, games console
- Emile Berliner, gramophone
- Richard Frenkiel & Joel Engel, cellular technology
- Joseph Friedman, flexistraw
- Charles Ginsburg, video recorder
- Joseph Gerber, inventor
- Leopold Godowsky, Jr. & Leopold Mannes, Kodachrome
- Sylvan Goldman, shopping cart
- Peter Goldmark, LP record, color television
- Gordon Gould, laser
- Al Gross, pager, walkie-talkie (unconfirmed)
- Dean Kamen, inventor (unconfirmed)
- Arthur Korn, pre-fax
- Hedy Lamarr, spread spectrum communication
- Robert Langer, biotechnology
- Edwin H. Land, polaroid
- Julius Lilienfeld, pre-transistor
- Stanford Ovshinsky, inventor
- Ron Popeil, inventor
- Jacob Rabinow, inventor
- Vladimir Risman, co-inventor of the Ball Catching Gear (literal translation from Russian)
- Harold Rosen, geosynchronous satellite
- Raymond Scott, sequencer, portable synthesizer
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