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The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the Median empire during the 6th century BC.
- Achaemenes of Anshan.
- Teispes of Anshan, his son.
- Cyrus I of Anshan, his son.
- Ariaramnes of Persia, son of Teispes and co-ruler of Cyrus I.
- Cambyses I of Anshan, son of Cyrus I.
- Arsames of Persia, son of Ariaramnes and co-ruler of Cambyses I
- Cyrus II the Great, son of Cambyses I, ruled from c.550 - 530 BC.
- Cambyses II, his son, ruled 530 - 521 BC.
- Smerdis, his alleged brother, ruled 521 BC
- Darius the Great, his brother-in-law and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521 -486 BC.
- Xerxes I, his son, ruled 486 -465 BC
- Artaxerxes I, his son, ruled 464 - 424 BC.
- Xerxes II, his son, ruled 424 - 423 BC.
- Sogdianus, his half-brother and rival, ruled 424 - 423 BC.
- Darius II, his half-brother and rival, ruled 424 - 404 BC.
- Artaxerxes II, his son, ruled 404 - 358 BC (see also Xenophon).
- Artaxerxes III,his son, ruled 358 - 338 BC
- Arses, his son, ruled 338 - 336 BC
- Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336 -330 BC
The epigraphic evidence for the rulers before Cyrus the Great is highly suspect, and often considered to have been invented by Darius I.
Macedonian Dynasty
(The Seleucid Dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In 253 BC, the Arsacid Dynasty established itself in Parthia. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid 2nd Century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. There were more Seleucid rulers of Syria and, for a time, Babylonia, after Antiochus IV, but none had any effective power in Persia).
- Arsaces I 246-211 BC
- Artabanus I 211-191 BC
- Priapatius 191-176 BC
- Phraates I 176-171 BC
- Mithridates I 171-138 BC
- Phraates II 138-128 BC
- Artabanus II 128-124 BC
- Mithridates II 124-87 BC
- Gotarzes I 91-78 BC
- Orodes I d.78 BC
- Sanatruces 77-70 BC
- Phraates III 70-58 BC
- Mithridates III 58-57 BC
- Orodes II 57-37 BC
- Phraates IV 37-30 BC
- Tiridates II 30-29 BC
- Phraates IV (restored) 29-28 BC
- Tiridates II (restored) 28-26 BC
- Phraates IV (restored) 26-2 BC
- Phraataces 2 BC - 4 AD
- Orodes III 4-7
- Vonones I 7-11
- Artabanus III 11-38
- Gotarzes II 38-51
- Vardanes 39-47
- Vonones II 51
- Vologases I 51-78
- Pacorus II 78-79
- Artabanus IV 79-81
- Pacorus II (restored) 81-115
- Vologases II 106
- Chosroes 109
- Parthamaspates 116
- Chosroes (restored) 117-128
- Mithridates IV 128-147
- Vologases III 148-192
- Vologases IV 191
- vacant 192-207 (?)
- Vologases V 207-213
- Artabanus V 213-226
- Artavasdes 226-227
After Islam
part of Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750
part of Abbasid Caliphate, 750-867
divided, 867-1029
Taherids, 821-872
Alavids, 864-928
- Hasan ebne Zeid Hasani 864-884
- Mohammad ebne Zeid 884-900
- Hasan ebne Ali Hoseini 913-916
- Hasan ebne Ghasem Hasani 916-928
Ziyarids, 928-1043
- Abolhojaj Mardavij ebne Ziyar 928-934
- Abu Taher Voshmgeer ebne Ziyar 934-967
- Zahir-ol-doleh Behsotoon 967-976
- Shams ol Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos 976-1012
- Falak ol Mo'ali Manuchehr ebne Ghabus 1012-1031
- Anushiravan ebne Manuchehr 1031-1043
Diylamids of Fars
Diylamids of Khuzestan and Kerman
Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan
Saffarids, 861-1002
- Abu Yusef Yaqub ebne Lais 861-878
- Amr o ebne Lais 878-900
- Abol Hasan Taher ebne Mohammad ebne Amro ebne Lais 900-908
- Lais ebne Ali ebne Lais 908-910
- Abu Ali Mohammad ebne Ali ebne Lais 910-910
- Abu Jafar Ahmad ebne Mohammad ebne Khalf 923-963
- Abu Ahmad Khalf ebne Ahmad 963-1002
- Amir Adel; Amir Mazi Abyu Ebrahim Esmail ebne Ahmad 892-907
- Amir Shaheed; Abu Nasr Ahmad ebne Esmail 907-913
- Amir Saeed; Abol Hasan Nasr ebne Ahmad 913-942
- Amir Hamid; Abu Mohammad Nuh ebne Nasr 942-954
- Amir Rashid; Abul Foares Abdolmaleh ebne Nuh 954-961
- Amir Mo'ayyed; Amir Sadeed Abu Saleh Mansur ebne Nuh 961-976
- Amir Radhi; Shahanshah Abolqasem Nuh ebne Mansur 976-996
- Amir Abol Hareth; Mansur ebne Nuh 996-998
- Amir Abol Foares; AbdolMalek ebne Nuh 998-998
- Yameen o-dowleh AbolQasem Mahmud ebne Saboktekeen 997-1030
- Jalal o-dowleh Abu Ahmad Mohammad ebne Mahmud 1030-1030
- Shahab o-dowleh Abu Sa'd Masud ebne Mahmud 1030-1040
- Shahab o-dowleh Abolfath Modud ebne Masud 1040-1049
- Baha o-dowleh Abol Hasan Ali ebne Masud 1049-1049
- Azad o-dowleh Abu Mansur Abdol Rashid ebne Mahmud ebne Saboktekeen 1049-1052
- Jamal o-dowleh Abolfazl Farrokhzaad ebne Masud ebne Mahmud 1052-1059
- Zaheer o-dowleh Abol Mozaffar Ebrahim 1059-1098
- Ala o-dowleh Abu Saeed Masud ebne Ebrahim 1098-1115
- Soltan o-dowleh Abol-fath Arsalan Shah 1115-1117
- Yameen o-dowleh Abol Mozaffar Baharm Shah ebne Masud 1117-1153
- Taj o-dowleh Abol Shoja Khosro Shah ebne Bahram Shah 1153-1160
- Saraj o-dowleh Abolmolook Khosrow Malek ebne Khosro Shah 1160-1186
divided, 1194-1256
- Ghotbedeen Mohammad ebne Anushtekeen Gharajeh 1096-1128
- Alaodeen Abol Mozaffar ebne Ghotbedeen ebne Mohammad 1128-1156
- Tajedeen Abolfath Il Arsalan 1156-1171
- Jalaledeen Mahmud Soltanshah ebne Il Arsalan 1171-1172
- Aladdin Takesh ebne Il Arsalan 1172-1199
- Soltan Jalaledeen Mohammad ebne Aladdin Takesh1199-1220
- Jalaledeen ebne Aladdin Mohammad 1220-1230
divided, 1343-1380
divided, 1449-1502
Afsharid dynasty, 1736-1749
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